ISBN: 978-80-7492-658-7 | ISBN online: 978-80-7492-658-7 | DOI: 10.32725/zsf.2023.74926587

Komplexní prevence a interdisciplinární péče o jedince s cévní mozkovou příhodou

Lenka Šedová a kol.

doc. Mgr. Lenka Šedová, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. Sylva Bártlová, Ph.D., PhDr. Andrea Hudáčková, Ph.D., Mgr. František Dolák, Ph.D., Mgr. Lucie Havierniková, Ph.D., MUDr. Svatopluk Ostrý, Ph.D., MUDr. Jan Rosol, MUDr. Marcela Míková, PhDr. Olga Shivairová, Ph.D., Mgr. Zuzana Širůčková, Mgr. Martina Víšková, Mgr. Tereza Koutská

Strokes are the leading cause of disability. Their occurrence are linked to a combination of influenceable and uninfluenceable factors. Nurses play a crucial role in the primary and secondary care of patients who have had a stroke. In a multidisciplinary team, they offer coordinated care focused on prevention and therapy, leading to an improved quality of life.
This quantitative research aimed to determine health literacy regarding strokes, and to map the current knowledge level of stroke prevention among Czech citizens. A partial goal was to map nurses’ points of view on follow-up care and the quality of life of patients after a stroke.
This study used a combination of methodological procedures. We conducted a representative sociological survey to ascertain the health literacy level of the non-professional public regarding strokes. This research uses a quantitative research strategy and the standardized interview technique. The research group included 1,004 Czech citizens. We used a combination of a standardized questionnaire for determining general health literacy (HLSQ-16) and a non-standardized questionnaire related to stroke prevention to collect data. The group included 489 (48.7%) men and 515 (51.3%) women.
The patient survey included 416 patients after a stroke, i.e., 207 (49.8%) men and 209 (50.2%) women, who had suffered a so-called minor stroke (a mild ischemic stroke), and 354 nurses from home care agencies.
The public considers hypertension, smoking and stress the most significant risk factors for strokes (more than 70%). Being informed about the disease is related to health literacy. The results show that more than a third of the interviewed people would welcome more information about strokes; although this disease has occurred among close family members. According to the public, the most important sources of information about strokes include the Internet, TV, and family; only 28% of respondents said their general practitioner was the source of information.
The analysis of the controllable risk factors showed that 6% of the respondents regularly smoked. Regarding eating habits, less than a third of the respondents consumed optimal amounts of fruit, vegetables, and fish. The results also show that over 60% of the public consume fried foods 1–2 times weekly. Almost 70% engage in optimal physical activity. Roughly 50% (n = 559) know their blood pressure values, of which less than 30% reported higher systolic and diastolic values. Few people (n = 250) regularly monitor blood pressure, and we proved a connection with selected SES factors.
The analysis of questions directed at nurses shows that home care nurses regularly assess patients’ daily activities after a stroke. The nurses reported that more than 50% of patients including their family members were interested in improving self-sufficiency in daily activities. Negative findings included the absence of necessary compensatory aids to ensure the patient’s independence in the home environment. Such aids mainly include walkers, positioning aids and beds. The research results showed that after-stroke carers most need assistance services in home care, follow-up care, and health care, especially regarding the number of stroke beds.
The obtained results point to several barriers and shortcomings, but certainly bring interesting insights into the reality of the prevention and subsequent care of patients after a minor stroke. The project aims to describe the relationship between primary and secondary stroke prevention. The results comprehensively describe the relationship between primary prevention and subsequent care. The main goal of the research is changing the way we think about prevention, the importance of lifestyle, and the motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to realize that this requires a stable multidisciplinary team providing comprehensive care. When our care is high quality, multidisciplinary, continuous, and coordinated, it will be efficient.

1.. edition, Published: 2023, online: 2023, publisher: Galén, Praha