Kontakt 2021, 23(3):178-186 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2020.047

Eating habits and food composition of stroke survivors as a form of secondary preventionSocial Sciences in Health - Review article

Slávka Mrosková1, *, Martina Reľovská2, Gabriela Kuriplachová1, Alena Schlosserová3
1 University of Prešov, Faculty of Health Care, Department of Nursing, Prešov, Slovak Republic
2 University of Prešov, Faculty of Health Care, Department of Urgent Health Care, Prešov, Slovak Republic
3 University of Prešov, Faculty of Health Care, Department of Midwifery, Prešov, Slovak Republic

Aim: The aim of this review was to analyze eating habits and food composition in stroke survivors.

Methods: In the years 01/2000-06/2020, research published in the following databases was analyzed: Pubmed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Scopus. The literature review integrated 9 studies.

Results: Studies included in the review were published mainly in the years 2015-2019. Dietary analysis in the research was predominantly focused on fruit/vegetable intake and salt intake. Consumption of fruits and vegetables in stroke survivors is not at an adequate level and their intake is lower in comparison with a healthy population. Qualitative analysis of salt intake is limited to a small number of studies (n = 3), with results showing differences in salt intake between countries. Only one study comprehensively assessed diet in stroke survivors (intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients). We did not find any studies to evaluate the adherence of after-stroke patients to the Mediterranean diet/DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), in line with current nutritional recommendations for secondary prevention.

Conclusions: Although diet is one of the modifiable factors of a stroke and it can be well managed, the issue of diet and eating habits after overcoming the disease is not given sufficient attention by researchers.

Keywords: Eating habits; Food composition; Secondary prevention; Stroke survivor
Conflicts of interest:

The authors certify that there is no conflict of interests with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.

Received: September 6, 2020; Revised: October 23, 2020; Accepted: December 1, 2020; Prepublished online: December 22, 2020; Published: September 3, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Mrosková S, Reľovská M, Kuriplachová G, Schlosserová A. Eating habits and food composition of stroke survivors as a form of secondary prevention. Kontakt. 2021;23(3):178-186. doi: 10.32725/kont.2020.047.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Andersson J, Nydahl M, Gustafsson K, Sidenvall B, Fjellström C (2003). Meals and snacks among elderly self-managing and disabled women. Appetite 41(2): 149-160. DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6663(03)00052-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Bailey RR, Phad A, McGrath R, Ford AL, Tabak R, Haire-Joshu D (2019c). Lifestyle risk behaviors among stroke survivors with and without diabetes. Am J Phys med Rehabil 98(9): 794-799. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001194. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Bailey RR, Phad A, McGrath R, Haire-Joshu D (2019b). Prevalence of five lifestyle risk factors among U.S. adultswith and without stroke. Disabil Health J 12(2): 323-327. DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.11.003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Bailey RR, Phad A, McGrath R, Tabak R, Haire-Joshu D (2019a). Prevalence of 3 Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among US Adults With and Without History of Stroke. Prev Chronic Dis 16:E23. DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.180409. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Bechthold A, Boeing H, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Knüppel S, Iqbal K, et al. (2019). Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(7): 1071-1090. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1392288. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Béjot Y, Daubail B, Giroud M (2016). Epidemiology of stroke and transient ischemic attacks: Current knowledge andperspectives. Rev Neurol (Paris) 172(1): 59-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.07.013. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR (2011). Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ 342: d2040. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2040. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Burgos R, Bretón I, Cereda E, Desport JC, Dziewas R, Genton L, et al. (2018). ESPEN guideline clinical nutrition in neurology. Clin Nutr 37(1): 354-396. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.09.003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Carlsson E, Ehrenberg A, Ehnfors M (2004). Stroke and eating difficulties: long-term experiences. J Clin Nurs 13(7): 825-834. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01023.x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Chen G-Ch, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF (2013). Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2(6): e000329. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000329. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Chen G-Ch, Neelakantan N, Martín-Calvo N, Koh W-P, Yuan J-M, Bonaccio M, et al. (2019). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke and stroke subtypes. Eur J Epidemiol 34(4): 337-349. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00504-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Chung ML, Lennie TA, Mudd-Martin G, Moser DK (2015). Adherence to a low-sodium diet in patients with heart failure is best when family members also follow the diet: a multicenter observational study. J Cardiovasc Nurs 30(1): 44-50. DOI:10.1097/JCN.0000000000000089. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Corrigan ML, Escuro AA, Celestin J, Kirby DF (2011). Nutrition in the stroke patient. Nutr Clin Pract 26(3): 242-252. DOI: 10.1177/0884533611405795. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Coutts SB, Wein TH, Lindsay MP, Buck B, Cote R, Ellis P, et al. (2015). Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: secondary prevention of stroke guidelines, update 2014. Int J Stroke 10(3): 282-291. DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12439. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Denham AMJ, Halpin S, Twyman L, Guillaumier A, Bonevski B (2018). Prevent 2ndStroke: a pilot study of an online secondary prevention program for stroke survivors. Aust N Z J Public Health 42(5): 484-490. DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12794. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Faiz KW, Labberton AS, Thommessen B, Rønning OM, Barra M (2019). Stroke-Related Knowledge and Lifestyle Behavior among Stroke Survivors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 28(11): 104359. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104359. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Feng Q, Fan S, Wu Y, Zhou D, Zhao R, Liu M, et al. (2018). Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and risk of stroke A meta-analysis of prospective studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 97(38): e12450. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012450. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Goetz ME, Judd SE, Hartman TJ, McClellan W, Anderson A, Vaccarino V (2016). Flavanone Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. J Nutr 146(11): 2233-2243. DOI:10.3945/jn.116.230185. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jürgens G (2012). Effects of low-sodium diet vs. High sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride (Cochrane Review). Am J Hypertens 25(1): 1-15. DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.210. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Grosso G, Marventano S, Yang J, Micek A, Pajak A, Scalfi L, et al. (2017). A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57(15): 3218-3232. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1107021. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Gustafsson K, Andersson J, Andersson I, Nydahl M, Sjödén P-O, Sidenvall B (2002). Associations between perceived cooking ability, dietary intake and meal patterns among older women. Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition 46(1):31-39. DOI: 10.1080/110264802753704109. Go to original source...
    22. He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA (2013). Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 346: f1325. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f1325. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. James J (2019). Diet in Stroke: Beyond Antiplatelets and Statins. J Neurosci Rural Pract 10(2): 173-174. DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_389_18. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Jellema S, Wijnen MAM, Steultjens EMJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, van der Sande R (2019). Valued activities and informal caregiving in stroke: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 41(18): 2223-2234. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1460625. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Jenkins DJA, Spence JD, Giovannucci EL, Kim Y-I, Josse R, Vieth R, et al. (2018). Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 71(22): 2570-2584. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.020. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Juraschek SP, Miller ER, Weaver CM, Appel LJ (2017). Effects of Sodium Reduction and the DASH Diet in Relation to Baseline Blood Pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol 70(23): 2841-2848. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.011. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Kastorini Ch-M, Milionis HJ, Kalantzi K, Trichia E, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, et al. (2012). The mediating effect of the Mediterranean diet on the role of discretionary and hidden salt intake regarding non-fatal acute coronary syndrome or stroke events: case/case-control study. Atherosclerosis 225(1): 187-193. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Katan M, Luft A (2018). Global Burden of Stroke. Semin Neurol 38(2): 208-211. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649503. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, Bravata DM, Chimowitz MI, Ezekowitz MD, et al. (2014). Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45(7): 2160-2236. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000024. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Khan MS, Bawany FI, Mirza A, Hussain M, Khan A, Lashari MN (2014). Frequency and predictors of non-compliance to dietary recommendations among hypertensive patients. J Community Health 39(4): 732-736. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9819-9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Larsson SC (2017). Dietary Approaches for Stroke Prevention. Stroke 48(10): 2905-2911. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017383. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Larsson SC, Wallin A, Wolk A (2016). Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Incidence of Stroke Results From 2 Prospective Cohorts. Stroke 47(4): 986-990. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.012675. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Lee Ch-H, Wong J, Tzeng M-S, Huang R-FS (2005). Dietary profile of folate intake in long-term post-stroke patients. Nutrition Research 25(5): 465-475. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.04.001. Go to original source...
    34. Li K, Kaaks R, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S (2012). Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg). Heart 98(12): 920-925. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301345. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Lim H, Choue R (2013). Impact of nutritional status and dietary quality on stroke: do we need specific recommendations? Eur J Clin Nutr 67(5): 548-554. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.30. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Lin MP, Ovbiagele B, Markovic D, Towfighi A (2015). "Life's Simple 7" and Long-Term Mortality After Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 4(11): e001470. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001470. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Wang A, Neal B, Jun M, Wong MG, et al. (2016). Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Cardiovascular Outcomes - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0159252. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0159252. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Mandysová P, Ehler E (2011). Role sestry při screeningu poruch polykání v neurologii. Neurol praxi 12(6): 426-429.
    39. Martínez-González MÁ, Hershey MS, Zazpe I, Trichopoulou A (2017). Transferability of the Mediterranean Diet to Non-Mediterranean Countries. What Is and What Is Not the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 9(11): 1226. DOI: 10.3390/nu9111226. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Matz K, Keresztes K, Tatschl C, Nowotny M, Dachenhausen A, Brainin M, et al. (2006). Disorders of glucose metabolism inacute stroke patients: an underrecognized problem. Diabetes care 29(4): 792-797. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1818. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Medin J, Larson J, von Arbin M, Wredling R, Tham K (2010a). Striving for control in eating situations after stroke. Scand J Caring Sci 24(4): 772-780. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00775.x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Medin J, Larson J, von Arbin M, Wredling R, Tham K (2010b). Elderly persons' experience and management of eating situations 6 months after stroke. Disabil Rehabil 32(16): 1346-1353. DOI: 10.3109/09638280903514747. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Medin J, Windahl J, von Arbin M, Tham K, Wredling R (2012). Eating difficulties among patients 3 months after stroke in relation to the acute phase. J Adv Nurs 68(3): 580-589. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05759.x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Mendes R, Martins S, Fernandes L (2019)..Adherence to Medication, Physical Activity and Diet in Older Adults With Diabetes: Its Association With Cognition, Anxiety and Depression. J Clin Med Res 11(8): 583-592. DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3894. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Meschia JF, Bushnell Ch, Boden-Albala B, Braun LT, Bravata DM, Chaturvedi S, et al. (2014). Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 45(12): 3754-3832. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000046. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Micha R, Shulkin ML, Peñalvo JL, Khatibzadeh S, Singh GM, Rao M, et al. (2017). Etiologic effects and optimal intakes of foods and nutrients for risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from the Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175149. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175149. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Mizrahi E-H, Arad M, Weiss A, Leibovitz A, Adunsky A (2013). Eating management and functional outcome of elderly patients with symptomatic ischemic stroke undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 13(3): 701-705. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. Myung S-K, Ju W, Cho B, Oh S-W, Park SM, Koo B-K, et al. (2013). Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 346: f10. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f10. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Ndlovu T, van Jaarsveld F, Caleb OJ (2019). French and Mediterranean-style diets: Contradictions, misconceptions and scientific facts - A review. Food Res Int 116: 840-858. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.020. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al. (2010). Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 376(9735): 112-123. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60834-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    51. Olaiya MT, Cadilhac DA, Kim J, Nelson MR, Srikanth VK, Gerraty RP, et al. (2017). Community-Based Intervention to Improve Cardiometabolic Targets in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke 48(9): 2504-2510. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.017499. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    52. Pandian JD, Gall SL, Kate MP, Silva GS, Akinyemi RO, Ovbiagele BI, et al. (2018). Prevention of stroke: a global perspective. Lancet 392(10154): 1269-1278. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31269-8. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Parappilly BP, Field TS, Mortenson WB, Sakakibara BM, Eng JJ (2018). Effectiveness of interventions involving nurses in secondary stroke prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 17(8): 728-736. DOI: 10.1177/1474515118779732. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. Perry L, McLaren S (2003). Coping and adaptation at six months after stroke: experiences with eating disabilities. Int J Nurs Stud 40(2): 185-195. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00060-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. Perry L, McLaren S (2004). An exploration of nutrition and eating disabilities in relation to quality of life at 6 months post-stroke. Health Soc Care Community 12(4): 288-297. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2004.00494.x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    56. Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, et al. (2018). 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 49(3): e46-e110. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000158. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    57. Prebtani APH, Bajaj HS, Goldenberg R, Mullan Y (2018). Reducing the Risk of Developing Diabetes. Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Can J Diabetes 42 (2018): S20-S26. DOI: org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.033. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    58. Sacco RL, Adams R, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, et al. (2006). Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: co-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke 37(2): 577-617. DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000199147.30016.74. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    59. Salehi-Abargouei A, Maghsoudi Z, Shirani F, Azadbakht L (2013). Effects of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style diet on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular diseases - incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis on observational prospective studies. Nutrition 29(4): 611-618. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.018. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    60. Shou J, Zhou L, Zhu S, Zhang X (2015). Diabetes is an Independent Risk Factor for Stroke Recurrence in Stroke Patients: A Meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 24(9): 1961-1968. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.04.004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    61. Sováriová Soósová M, Hrehová J (2014). The effect of education on lifestyle changes and metabolic syndrome components. Cent Eur J Nurs Midw 5(4): 161-168. DOI: 10.15452/CEJNM.2014.05.0012. Go to original source...
    62. Spence JD (2019). Nutrition and Risk of Stroke. Nutrients 11(3): 647. DOI: 10.3390/nu11030647. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    63. Stavroulakis T, McDermott ChJ (2016). Enteral feeding in neurological disorders. Pract Neurol 16(5): 352-361. DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2016-001408. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    64. Süli J, Sobeková A, Bujdošová Z, Hrušková T (2019). Zloženie potravín a potravinových surovín. Martin: Osveta, 588 p.
    65. Šupínová M, Sklenková G (2018). The quality of life of patients after an acute stroke. Kontakt 20(2): e153-e159. DOI: 10.1016/j.kontakt.2018.02.001. Go to original source...
    66. Thout SR, Santos JA, McKenzie B, Trieu K, Johnson C, McLean R, et al. (2019). The Science of Salt: Updating the evidence on global estimates of salt intake. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 21(6): 710-721. DOI: 10.1111/jch.13546. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    67. Threapleton DE, Burley VJ, Greenwood DC, Cade JE (2015). Dietary fibre intake and risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the UK Women's Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 69(4): 467-474. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.260. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    68. Turlova E, Feng Z-P (2013). Dietary salt intake and stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 34(1): 8-9. DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.179. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    69. Twenefour D, Dyson PA, Hill A, Breen C, Mellor D, Elvin E, et al. (2018). Evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. 114 p. [online] [cit. 2020-02-12]. Available from: https://diabetes-resources-production.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/resources-s3/2018-03/1373_Nutrition%20guidelines_0.pdf
    70. Wali H, Kurdi S, Bilal J, Riaz IB, Bhattacharjee S (2018). Health Behaviors among Stroke Survivors in the United States: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 27(8): 2124-2133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.013. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    71. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr., Collins KJ, Himmelfarb ChD, et al. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 138(17): e426-e483. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000597. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    72. White JH, Bynon BL, Marquez J, Sweetapple A, Pollack M (2013). Masterstroke: a pilot group stroke prevention programfor community dwelling stroke survivors. Disabil Rehabil 35(11): 931-8. DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.717578. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    73. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. (2018). 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: TheTask Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 36(10): 1953-2041. DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001940. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    74. Zoboková B, Blaho E, Minárik P (2017). Diéta pre diabetikov. RAABE, 319 p.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content