Kontakt X:X | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2026.004

The relationship between happiness at work and organizational commitment: a study of medical secretariesSocial Sciences in Health - Original article

Betul Sari1, *, Hilal Ekim Kiratli2, Halil Can Aydemir3
1 Mersin University, Health Services Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Mersin, Turkiye
2 Cag University, Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Mersin, Turkiye
3 Tarsus University, Health Services Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Mersin, Turkiye

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between happiness at work and organizational commitment among medical secretaries and to determine the extent to which happiness at work influences organizational commitment.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2025. The research included 394 medical secretaries employed in public and private sector institutions in Mersin, Turkiye, who voluntarily agreed to participate. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, the Happiness at Work Scale (HWS), and the Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS).

Results: The mean HWS score of the participants was 53.41 ± 13.74, indicating a moderate level of happiness at work. The mean OCS score was 66.19 ± 17.87, similarly reflecting a moderate level of organizational commitment. A significant and positive correlation was identified between HWS and OCS scores (r = 0.479; p < 0.01). Additionally, several demographic and occupational variables were found to significantly influence both HWS and OCS scores (p < 0.05). According to the hierarchical regression analysis, HWS (β = 0.462; p < 0.01) and age (β = 0.162; p < 0.01) were significant predictors of OCS scores, together explaining 24.2% of the total variance in organizational commitment.

Conclusion: Happiness at work is an important predictor of organizational commitment among medical secretaries. Enhancing employees' happiness at work may contribute to stronger organizational commitment and support more sustainable engagement within healthcare institutions.

Keywords: Continuance commitment; Emotional commitment; Happiness at work; Normative commitment; Organizational commitment
Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. This study was presented orally at the 19th International Congress on Social Sciences with Recent Research, held in Antalya between Nov 4–8, 2025.

Received: September 19, 2025; Revised: November 22, 2025; Accepted: January 20, 2026; Prepublished online: January 21, 2026 

Download citation

References

  1. Abou-Moghli AA (2019). Using self-determination theory (SDT) to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment, happiness and work engagement in service industry. J Bus Adm Res 8(1): 29-37. DOI: 10.5430/jbar.v8n1p29. Go to original source...
  2. Aksoy C, Yilmaz Y (2018). Examination of the relationship between job satisfaction levels and organizational commitments of tourism sector employees: A research in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 17(65): 356-365. DOI: 10.17755/esosder.343032. Go to original source...
  3. Algarni MA, Meshari A (2023). The role of employee engagement, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on happiness at work at a Saudi organization. Int J Bus Manag 18(2): 27. DOI: 10.5539/ijbm.v18n2p27. Go to original source...
  4. Allan BA, Batz-Barbarich C, Sterling HM, Tay L (2019). Outcomes of meaningful work: A meta-analysis. J Manag Stud 56(3): 500-528. DOI: 10.1111/joms.12406. Go to original source...
  5. Allen NJ, Meyer JP (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. J Occup Psychol 63(1): 1-18. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x. Go to original source...
  6. Alrashidi NT, Almohammedi AMH, Alamri EH, AlRashidi AI, Ashlali AHA, Alaida MF (2024). Impact of workplace stress on medical secretaries' job satisfaction and well-being. J Health Adm 10(3): 45-56. DOI: 10.53555/AJBR.v27i4S.5101. Go to original source...
  7. Angle H, Perry J (1981). An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness. Adm Sci Q 26(1): 1-14. DOI: 10.2307/2392596. Go to original source...
  8. Bahat İ, Işik M (2023). The relationship between teachers' school happiness, organizational commitment, and self-efficacy. J Human Soc Sci 6(Education Special Issue): 279-308. DOI: 10.53048/johass.1354337. Go to original source...
  9. Boniwell I (2012). Positive psychology in a nutshell: The science of happiness. McGraw-Hill Education (UK), 202 p.
  10. Brewer AM (1996). Developing commitment between managers and employees. J Manag Psychol 11(4): 24-34. DOI: 10.1108/02683949610117599. Go to original source...
  11. Büyüköztürk Ş, Kiliç Çakmak E, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F (2018). Bilimsel araştirma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi Yayincilik. DOI: 10.14527/9789944919289. Go to original source...
  12. Çağatay A, Kizilkaya S (2020). Investigation of organizational commitment levels of employees in private healthcare institutions in the context of various variables: Case of Samsun, Uluslararasi Sağlik Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştirma Dergisi 6(3): 578-593.
  13. Çankir B (2019). The relationship between effective commitment and performance in organizations. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 6(Gelişim-UWE 2019 Özel Sayisi): 155-177. DOI: 10.17336/igusbd.620845. Go to original source...
  14. Cochran WG (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, 448 p.
  15. Davis BJ (2014). University Commitment: Test of a Three-Component Model [Master's thesis, Minnesota State University, Mankato]. Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. [online] [cit. 2025-01-22]. Available from: https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds/342/
  16. Demirtaş Ü, Çetin M, Öztürk G, Türk YZ, Fedai T (2015). A study on the relationships between burnout status and organizational commitment. J Psychiatry 18(4): 1-5. DOI: 10.4172/2378-5756.1000284. Go to original source...
  17. Dewi TS, Abadi F (2023). The effect of work systems, organizational behavior, psychological well-being, and organizational commitment on job satisfaction. Mak J Manaj 9(2): 179-195. DOI: 10.37403/mjm.v9i2.604. Go to original source...
  18. Diener E, Tay L, Oishi S (2013). Rising income and the subjective well-being of nations. J Pers Soc Psychol 104(2): 267-276. DOI: 10.1037/a0030487. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Fazal SH, Siddiqui DA (2020). Participative decision making and organizational commitment: The mediatory role of influence and communication. SSRN. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3683327. Go to original source...
  20. Field LK, Buitendach JH (2011). Happiness, work engagement and organisational commitment of support staff at a tertiary education institution in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 37(1): 1-10. DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v37i1.946. Go to original source...
  21. Fisher CD (2010). Happiness at work. Int J Manag Rev 12(4): 384-412. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x. Go to original source...
  22. Fromm E (1995). Erdem ve mutluluk. (Yörükan A, Çev.) Türkiye İş Bankasi Yayinlari, İstanbul, 284 p.
  23. Gündoğan T (2009). Organizational commitment: A study on employees of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi]. TCMB Kütüphanesi, Ankara, 139 p.
  24. Harter JK, Schmidt FL, Keyes CLM (2003). Well-being in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup studies. In: Keyes CLM, Haidt J (Eds). Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 205-224). American Psychological Association. DOI: 10.1037/10594-009. Go to original source...
  25. Hermania P, Heriyadi H, Daud I, Ramadania R, Fauzan R (2023). The effect of happiness at work and organizational commitment on employee performance with organizational citizenship behavior as intervening variable. J Eko 12(4): 1880-1888.
  26. Hu J, Hirsh JB (2017). Accepting lower salaries for meaningful work. Front Psychol 8: 1649. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01649. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Islam MN, Furuoka F, Aida I (2021). Influence of gender diversity on employee work engagement in the context of organizational change: evidence from Bangladeshi employees. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12(3): 1-19. DOI: 10.4018/IJABIM.294099. Go to original source...
  28. Järvinen Presley HR (2024). Understanding commitment among different tenured employees. case: finnair. University of Vaasa, 92 p.
  29. Javanmardnejad S, Bandari R, Heravi-Karimooi M, Rejeh N, Sharif Nia H, Montazeri A (2021). Happiness, quality of working life, and job satisfaction among nurses working in emergency departments in Iran. Health Qual Life Outcomes 19(1): 112. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01755-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Jiatong W, Wang Z, Alam M, Murad M, Gul F, Gill SA (2022). The impact of transformational leadership on affective organizational commitment and job performance: the mediating role of employee engagement. Front Psychol 13: 831060. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831060. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  31. Kalfa M, Karaman M, Tufan D (2016). Organizational commitment of people working for Turkish sports management organizations in terms of some variables. European Scientific Journal 12(2): 159. DOI: 10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p159. Go to original source...
  32. Kalkan M (2024). Evaluation of organizational commitment and performance perceptions of employees working through outsourcing in hospitals: A case study in Kahramanmaraş province (Ph.D. Thesis) Ankara Haci Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  33. Karabetyan L (2020). Örgütsel güvenin örgütsel bağlilik üzerine etkisi: Sağlik sektörü örneği. Journal of Biga Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty 1(1): 45-55.
  34. Karadaş H, Akin MA (2023). Examining teachers' organizational happiness and organizational commitment. E-Int J Edu Res14(2): 289-309. DOI: 10.19160/e-ijer.1247022. Go to original source...
  35. Kasimoğlu M (2021). Investigations of organizational commitment of healthcare professionals in terms of personal and business factors. Int J Soc Educ Sci 3(2): 267-286. DOI: 10.46328/ijonses.143. Go to original source...
  36. Kustiawan U, Marpaung P, Lestari UD, Andiyana E (2022). The effect of affective organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and employee engagement on job happiness and job performance on manufacturing company in Indonesia. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics 19(52): 573-586. DOI: 10.37394/23207.2022.19.52. Go to original source...
  37. Luthans F (1992). Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill, 656 p.
  38. Mehdad A, Iranpour M (2014). Relationship between religious beliefs, workplace happiness and organizational commitment. Int J Sc Manag Dev 2(10): 562-568.
  39. Meyer JP, Maltin ER (2010). Employee commitment and well-being: A critical review, theoretical framework and research agenda. J Vocat Behav 77(2): 323-337. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.007. Go to original source...
  40. Myers DG, Deiner E (1996). The pursuit of happiness. Sci Am 274(5): 70-72. DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0596-70. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  41. Oyelakin O, Shodeinde AD, Arandong IJ (2021). Value congruence and organizational commitment: Does work happiness matter? Bus Perspect Rev 3(2): 14-26. DOI: 10.38157/businessperspectivereview.v3i2.348. Go to original source...
  42. Oza HS (2015). Does all dimensions of organizational commitment affect job satisfaction and job performance? (a case study of higher educational organizations). CLEAR Int Res J Manag Commerce 6(9): 21-24.
  43. Özkaya MO, Kocakoç İD, Karaa E (2006). Examinining the relations between demographic factors and managers' organizational commitment: A field study. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 13(2): 77-96.
  44. Öztürk F, Yinal A, Demir B (2024). The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment: A study on Turkish teachers. Online J New Horiz in Educ 14(2): 342-352.
  45. Paparisabet M, Jalalpour AH, Farahi F, Gholami Z, Shaygani F, Jalili N, et al. (2024). Investigating the organizational commitment and its associated factors among the staff of the health sector: A cross-sectional research. BMC Health Services 24(1): 1373. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11893-1. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  46. Peña-Sánchez JN, Lepnurm R, Morales-Asencio JM, Delgado A, Domaga³a A, Górkiewicz M (2014). Factors identified with higher levels of career satisfaction of physicians in Andalusia, Spain. Health Psychol Res 2(2): 1527. DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2014.1527. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  47. Polat M (2024). Happiness and fear of happiness as predictors of Organizational commitment in higher education: A PLS-SEM study.Int J Educ Sci 23(23): 50-69. DOI: 10.29228/INESJOURNAL.43601. Go to original source...
  48. Pryce-Jones J (2010). Happiness At Work: Maximizing Your Psychological Capital for Success. Wiley Blackwell. DOI: 10.1002/9780470666845. Go to original source...
  49. Qvarfordt M, Lagrosen S, Nilsson L (2024). Medical secretaries' fears and opportunities in an increasingly digitalised workplace. J Health Organ Manag 38(9): 175-194. DOI: 10.1108/JHOM-04-2023-0127. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  50. Rafi'i MR, Hanif SM, Daud FB (2025). Exploring the link between healthcare organizational culture and employee satisfaction. BMC Health Serv Res 25(1): 129-140. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-025-12973-6. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  51. Salako T, Akingbade R (2025). Influence of workplace happiness on organizational commitment among healthcare workers in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Caritas Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences 3(1): 109-120. DOI: 10.1101/2025.02.27.25323070. Go to original source...
  52. Sever M, Özdemir S, Acar OK (2020). Validity and reliability study of happiness at work scale. J Manag Econ Res 18(2): 1-10. DOI: 10.11611/yead.577326. Go to original source...
  53. Singh S, Aggarwal Y (2018). Happiness at work scale: construction and psychometric validation of a measure using mixed method approach. J Happiness Stud 19(5): 1439-1463. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-017-9882-x. Go to original source...
  54. Sur H, Palteki T (2013). Hospital management. Nobel Kitapevi. Ankara.
  55. Todoroviĉ D, Saviĉ S, Diniĉ B (2024). Organizational commitment in the private and public sectors: A regression analysis based on personality traits, subjective wellbeing, organizational orientations, and perceived employment uncertainty in Serbia. Front Psychol 15: 1442990. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1442990. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  56. Tugade GYG, Arcinas MM (2023). Employees work engagement: correlations with employee personal characteristics, organizational commitment and workplace happiness. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research 4(1): 136-155. DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber.04.01.14. Go to original source...
  57. Tutar H (2002). Executive Secretariat Yönetici. Nobel Dağitim. Ankara, 384 p.
  58. Tüysüz M, Doğan M, Tüysüz M (2020). The effect of organizational trust in municipalities and municipal companies on organizational commitment. Strategic Public Management Journal 6(12): 42-57. DOI: 10.25069/spmj.804355. Go to original source...
  59. Veenhoven R (1984). Conditions of Happiness, Kluwer Academic. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-6432-7. Go to original source...
  60. Wang CC, Lin HM, Liang TL (2017). A study on comparing the relationship among organizational commitment, teachers' job satisfaction and job involvement of schools with urban-rural discrepancy. Educ Res Rev 12(16): 762-771. DOI: 10.5897/ERR2017.3290. Go to original source...
  61. Wasti SA (2000). Validity and reliability analysis of Meyer and Allen's three-dimensional organizational commitment scale. 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabi, pp. 401-410. Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
  62. Widarto I, Anindita R (2018). Analysis of the effect of motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on performance. Int Adv Res J Sci Eng Technol 5(9): 21-29. DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2018.594. Go to original source...
  63. Yanik D, Ediz Ç (2024). Determination of nurses' happiness, hope, future expectations and associated factors in Turkey. BMC Nurs 23(1): 204. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01876-2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  64. Zoe Talent Solutions (2024). 2023 employee experience trends report: Breakdown of male vs female employee engagement statistics. [online] [cit. 2025-01-22]. Available from: https://zoetalentsolutions.com/male-vs-female-employee-engagement-statistics/

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.