Kontakt X:X | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2026.002

Nursing students' beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness: stigmatization, discrimination, and professional influencesNursing - Original article

Behiye Dilmen Bayar Bayar * ORCID..., İbrahim Dağ ORCID...
Mardin Artuklu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Mardin, Turkiye

Background: It is important that individuals with mental illness are not stigmatized by health professionals. Purpose: This descriptive correlational study aimed to determine the relationship between nursing students' beliefs about mental illness and their attitudes toward people with mental health problems.

Methods: The study was conducted with 200 nursing students using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Beliefs about Mental Illness Scale (BMI), and Community Attitudes Towards Mentally Ill Individuals Scale (CAMI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Anova, and pearson correlation analysis.

Results: The mean BMI total score was 51.93 ± 17.38, and the mean CAMI total score was 58.85 ± 8.44. A moderate positive correlation was found between the two scales (r = 0.39, p < 0.001).

Discussion: Nursing students demonstrated moderately negative beliefs and attitudes towards individuals with mental illness. Increasing the duration and quality of psychiatric clinical placements may improve students' attitudes and communication skills with these patients.

Keywords: Attitudes; Beliefs; Mental illness; Nursing students; Stigmatization
Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Received: September 5, 2025; Revised: November 21, 2025; Accepted: January 12, 2026; Prepublished online: January 12, 2026 

Download citation

References

  1. Abdelmonaem YMM, Osman MA, Karim NAHA (2024). Mental health stigma and internship nursing students' attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 23(1): 275. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01910-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Alexander L, Rinehart NJ, Hay M, Boyd L, Foster K (2023). Nursing students' attitudes and experiences with mental illness: A cross-sectional study. Teach Learn Nurs 18(1): 72-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2022.09.011. Go to original source...
  3. Bağ B, Ekinci M (2006). Ruhsal sorunlu bireylere yönelik toplum tutumlari ölçeğinin (RSTTÖ) Türk toplumunda geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 5(15): 63-83.
  4. Bilge A, Çam MO (2008). Ruhsal hastaliğa yönelik inançlar ölçeği'nin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 9(2): 91-6.
  5. Çalik Koyak H, Arslantaş H (2020). The effect of mental illnesses-oriented education given to high school students on faith and social distance. Balikesir Health Sciences Journal 9(1): 7-18.
  6. Caron RM, O'Connor RJ (2018). Are we practicing what we are taught in health professions' education? Coproducing health care. J Patient Exp 5(4): 310-313. DOI: 10.1177/2374373518769117. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Çitak AE, Budak E, Kaya Ö, Öz Ş, Şahin S, Taran N, Türker E (2010). Başkent Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim gören hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastaliklara karşi inançlarinin belirlenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 17(2): 68-73.
  8. Cohen J (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, 567 p.
  9. Corker E, Hamilton S, Robinson E, Cotney J, Pinfold V, Rose D, et al. (2016). Viewpoint survey of mental health service users' experiences of discrimination in England 2008-2014. Acta Psychiatr Scand 134(Suppl 446): 6-13. DOI: 10.1111/acps.12610. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Demiray T, Dal Ü, Güleryüz İO, Ülker E (2018). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ruhsal hastaliklara yönelik inançlari. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi 1(2): 14-18.
  11. Fernandes JB, Família C, Castro C, Simões A (2022). Stigma towards people with mental illness among Portuguese nursing students. J Pers Med 12(3): 326. DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030326. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Fokuo JK, Goldrick V, Rossetti J, Wahlstrom C, Kocurek C, Larson J, Corrigan P (2017). Decreasing the stigma of mental illness through a student-nurse mentoring program: A qualitative study. Community Ment Health J 53(3): 257-265. DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-0016-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Foster K, Withers E, Blanco T, Lupson C, Steele M, Giandinoto JA, Furness T (2019). Undergraduate nursing students' stigma and recovery attitudes during mental health clinical placement: A pre/post-test survey study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 28(5): 1068-1080. DOI: 10.1111/inm.12634. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Gaiha SM, Taylor Salisbury T, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M (2020). Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: A systematic reviewof magnitude, manifestations and recommendations. BMC Psychiatry 20: 538. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02937-x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Garvey L, Willetts G, Sadoughi N, Olasoji M (2021). Undergraduate nursing students' experience of mental health simulation post-clinical placement: A Qualitative study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 30(1): 93-101. DOI: 10.1111/inm.12801. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Griffiths KM, Carron-Arthur B, Parsons A, Reid R (2014). Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry 13(2): 161-175. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20129. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Happell B, Gaskin CJ, Byrne L, Welch A, Gellion S (2015). Clinical placements in mental health: A literature review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 36(1): 44-51. DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2014.915899. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Hirai M, Clum GA (2000). Development, reliability, and validity of the beliefs toward mental illness scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 22(3): 221-236. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007548432472. Go to original source...
  19. Hoekstra HJ, van Meijel BB, van der Hooft-Leemans TG (2010). A nursing career in mental health care: Choices and motives of nursing students. Nurse Educ Today 30(1): 4-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2009.05.018. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Hogan MF (2003). New Freedom Commission report: The president's New Freedom Commission: recommendations to transform mental health care in America. Psychiatr Serv 54(11): 1467-1474. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.54.11.1467. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Hu S, Chen J, Jiang R, Hu H, Hu Z, Gao X, Chen W (2022). Caring ability of nursing students pre-and post-internship: A longitudinal study. BMC Nurs 21(1): 133. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00921-2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Itzhaki M, Meridan O, Sagiv-Schifter T, Barnoy S (2017). Nursing students' attitudes and intention to work with mentally ill patients before and after a planned intervention. Acad Psychiatry 41(3): 337-344. DOI: 10.1007/s40596-016-0521-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Kameg B, Fradkin D, Lee H (2021). Effect of standardized patient simulation on nursing students' attitudes toward psychiatric nursing and patients with mental health problems. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 59(8): 15-21. DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210513-01. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Kayahan M (2009). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin şizofreniye karşi tutumlari ve psikiyatri eğitiminin etkisi. HarranÜniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi 6(1): 27-34.
  25. Li A, Jiao D, Zhu T (2022). Stigmatizing attitudes across cybersuicides and offline suicides: content analysis of Sina Weibo. J Med Internet Res 24(4): e36489. DOI: 10.2196/36489. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Malas EM (2019). Stigma toward to mental illness review. MANAS J Soc Stud 8(1): 1170-1188. DOI: 10.33206/mjss.470932. Go to original source...
  27. Manescu EA, Henderson C, Paroiu CR, Mihai A (2023). Mental health related stigma in Romania: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Psychiatry 23(1): 662. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05147-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Moxham L, Tapsell A, Perlman D, Al Mutair A, Al-Sagarat AY, Alsaraireh FA, et al. (2024). Nursing students' attitudes towards mental illness: A multi-national comparison. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 31(6): 981-989. DOI: 10.1111/jpm.13048. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Murat M, Öz A, Güner E, Köse S (2020). The relationship between university students' beliefs toward mental illness and stigmatization. Florence Nightingale J Nurs 28(2): 194-204. DOI: 10.5152/FNJN.2020.19069. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Petkari E, Masedo Gutierrez AI, Xavier M, Moreno Küstner B (2018). The influence of clerkship on students' stigma towards mental illness: A meta-analysis. Med Educ 52(7): 694-704. DOI: 10.1111/medu.13548. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  31. Rayan A (2024). Stigma of mental illness: a comparative study of demographic and cultural correlates among nursing students and registered nurses in Jordan. BMC Nurs 23(1): 924. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02616-2. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  32. Ruiz JC, Fuentes-Durá I, López-Gilberte M, Dasí C, Pardo-García C, Fuentes-Durán MC, Pérez-González F, et al. (2022). Public stigma profile toward mental disorders across different university degrees in the University of Valencia (Spain). Front Psychiatry 13: 951894. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.951894. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Samari E, Seow E, Chua BY, Ong HL, Lau YW, Mahendran R, et al. (2019). Attitudes towards psychiatry amongst medical and nursing students in Singapore. BMC Med Educ 19(1): 91. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1518-x. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. San EO, Dikec G, Ata EE (2023). An international multicenter mental health standardized patient simulation on nursing students' beliefs toward mental health conditions. Clin Simul Nurs 76: 47-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecns.2022.11.004. Go to original source...
  35. Shi X, Wu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Miao J, Zang S (2024). Factors associated with nursing students' mental health-related stigma: A multisite cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today 142: 106346. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106346. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  36. Taylor SM, Dear MJ (1981). Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill. Schizophr Bull 7(2): 225-240. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/7.2.225. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  37. Ünal E, Uyaroğlu AK (2022). The relationship between beliefs toward mental illnesses, empathic tendency and social distancing in university students. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 41: 348-353. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.09.009. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Valentim O, Moutinho L, Laranjeira C, Querido A, Tomás C, Longo J, et al. (2023). "Looking beyond mental health stigma": An online focus group study among senior undergraduate nursing students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(5): 4601. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054601. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  39. WHO (2022). Mental health and COVID-19: Early evidence of the pandemic's impact (Scientific brief). [online] [cit. 2025-01-22]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Mental_health-2022.1

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.