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Objective: To examine the association between missed nursing care and the work environment in selected pediatric care units in the Czech Republic. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: Data collection was carried out from January to March 2021 using the MISSCARE Survey-Pediatric and Practice Environment Scale - Nursing Work Index instruments. The respondents were pediatric nurses (N = 138) from five care units in the Czech Republic. Results: The most frequently missed nursing care activities were assessing the activities attributes to a caregiver, promoting neuro-evolutionary development, or emotional support to the child and/or family. Correlations between missed nursing care and work environment have not been confirmed. However, the relationship between the work environment and perceived staff adequacy was proved. Conclusions: Consistent with other studies, we have confirmed that pediatric nurses missed mainly independent nursing care activities, similar to adult nurses. Likewise, we have proved that the workload associated with an unexpected increase in the number or severity of patients on the care units is one of the most important reasons for the phenomenon. Despite unconfirmed associations between missed nursing care and the work environment, further research should focus on its closer examination in a larger sample of pediatric nurses.

Aim: Patients with a stroke could benefit from vertical self-report pain instruments. Such instruments are not available in the Czech language. The aim was to translate and linguistically validate the Revised Iowa Pain Thermometer into Czech for use by Czech patients with a stroke. Methods: Three translators, three nursing expert panels, and seven patients with a stroke participated in this methodological study that took place between January and April 2017. The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines were used to direct the process. This 10-phase process was supported by quantitative and qualitative methods, such as content validity indexing and modified kappa calculations, discussions with nursing experts, as well as cognitive debriefing with patients. Results: Based on the content validity index, the modified kappa values, and the experts' feedback, a preliminary Czech version was developed. Cognitive debriefing revealed that most patients had some difficulty using the instrument. Conclusions: The translation and linguistic validation process was demanding as it was difficult to recruit nurses and translators meeting the determined selection criteria; furthermore, many steps were required. However, using a less stringent methodology would have probably produced a Czech version that would not be as suitable for the intended target group - Czech patients with a stroke. The findings underscore the importance of involving representative users, i.e., patients with a specific health condition, in the translation and linguistic validation of self-report instruments. Psychometric properties of the Czech version will be established in a clinical study that will involve Czech patients with strokes.

This paper analyses specified dimensions of physical and mental health activity and the income of the 50 and 50+ populations in Hungary and in the countries participating in the SHARE database. The study provides an overview of emerging changes in the scientific approach to quality of life by analysing the indicators of health status, factors hindering everyday activities, depression and satisfaction with life.

Introduction: Coma is a severe state from which the patient may not awaken for weeks, months or years. Design: A prospective qualitative study based on structured observation. Objective: The main objective of the study was to identify the incidence of complications in comatose patients. Sample: A total of 22 respondents in a comatose state with an average age of 54.05 years and an average duration of coma of 3.73 years were included in the study. Methods: The structured observation method was used to carry out the research. Interval coding of predefined categories of complications was used, with an interval of every 30 days within one year. Results: A closer relationship between the respondents' sex and the incidence of complications was demonstrated (p = 0.05); conjunctivitis (p = -0.46); inflammation around two-way catheter (p = -0.57); pneumonia (p = -0.53); intertrigo (p = -0.44) and decubitus (p = -0.48). A statistical association between respondents' BMI and the incidence of diarrhea (p = -0.55) and BMI/constipation (p = -0.78) was proven throughout the sample. Significance was not proven between the incidence of complications and respondents' age, not even in relation to the duration of comatose state. Conclusions: The results of the research have proven that the incidence of the complications monitored in the sample of comatose patients is neither independent of their age nor duration of the comatose state. A closer relationship between the respondents' sex and the incidence of certain complications was demonstrated. Identifying the complications of this condition and the specificities of very demanding nursing care can be beneficial in providing quality nursing care for comatose patients.

Introduction: The phenomenon of rationing/missed/unfinished care is a current subject of foreign research in nursing. Its quantification can be achieved only through specific measuring tools. With their use, it is possible to identify not only the nursing activities that nurses do not perform during their shift, but also the reasons which lead to the occurrence of this phenomenon. Aim: The aim of our contribution is to analyze approaches to the operationalization of the concept of rationing/missed/unfinished care and to provide an overview of tools to measure it. Methods: The method of content analysis of research studies published in the scientific databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest was used in the processing of paper. Results: In our contribution, we analyzed three approaches and measuring tools which were developed for measuring the phenomenon - MISSCARE Survey, BERNCA/PIRNCA, and TU instruments. We identified differences in the range of activities, time period, scoring and evaluation. Conclusion: We conclude that the phenomenon is mostly related to independent nursing activities and the most frequent reason for its occurrence is the insufficient number of nursing staff. Based on the analysis, we note that the phenomenon not only significantly influences patient satisfaction but also the job satisfaction of nurses - and this is reflected in the quality of provided care. We emphasize the need to be concerned about the mentioned phenomenon using specific measuring tools in studies conducted in the Slovak Republic.

Objective: To analyze the documentation of pressure ulcers at home care agencies (HCA) and welfare institutions (WI) to determine whether the records comply with legislative and contractual requirements. Methods: Empirical data were collected from the documentation containing the Nursing Care Proposal (Proposal), the Course of disease, the Expert Findings, and the Records of examinations and prescription drugs for the treatment of pressure ulcer in the Health Insurance Information System (HIIS). Data collection was carried out from the year 2014 to 2018. Documentation of 101 patients treated for pressure ulcer which were reported to the General Health Insurence Company, a.p. (GHIC) for paymant, were included in the research file. Descriptive, frequency analysis methods were used to evaluate the results. Results: Correct recording of localization, size, number and codes, less consistent writing of base, margins, secretion, and pressure ulcer surroundings. The analysis pointed to shortcomings in documenting continuous information on the pressure healing process and the diversity in the frequency of documenting the pressure ulcer healing process. 65.3% of the patients were treated by a specialist. The identity of the drugs reported in the HCA/WI documentation with the drugs reported in the HIIS was 46.5%. Conclusions: Problems in recording nursing care of pressure ulcers are mainly in the area of unstructured records of pressure ulcer healing process and in the uniformity of recorded information on applied drugs in nursing documentation and in HIIS.

We are presenting some of the results of a study that examined the prevalence of attachment styles among children with emotional behavioral disorders (EBD) from special educational residential facilities in the Czech Republic. The development of EBD that brought these children into residential facilities was influenced by a variety of factors. One of such risk factors can be an attachment disorder influencing behavior, socialization and resilience. The aim of the research was to determine the prevalence of attachment style, anxiety and avoidance of vulnerable adolescents towards father and mother as possible determinants of behavioral disorders. The research group consisted of 204 respondents aged 15-19 years. The respondents were clients from 15 residential facilities from all over the Czech Republic. We used the ECR-RS self-assessment questionnaire containing 36 items to determine attachment to emotional targets (mother/father). We processed the data using descriptive statistical procedures using the ANOVA or Spearman coefficient procedure. Findings regarding attachment indicate a high degree of avoidance and anxiety in vulnerable adolescents. In most respondents, an insecure attachment is prevalent. The most represented is preoccupied attachment to the mother in 36%. Only 14% of the examined adolescents formed a secure attachment to the mother. Complex intervention and psychotherapy should focus on alleviating anxiety and avoidance, developing a secure attachment, and enhancing the resilient qualities of vulnerable adolescents.

Goal: The objective of this research was to determine whether hospitals have implemented risk management, including the monitoring of quality indicators related to the issue of prevention catheter-associated urinary tract infection. The monitoring of results and process-related quality indicators is one of many steps that should be taken to increase quality and safety in patient care. Methods: This quantitative research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey. Results: Result indicator monitoring or recording the number of cases of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, is performed in 33.3% of hospitals, and records of the number of catheter-days are kept in only one quarter of hospitals. We also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the above and an increase in qualifications in correct catheterisation procedures, care for patients with urinary catheters, and possibilities of catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention (p < 0.001; χ2 = 18.473). Conclusions: Quality management and risk identification are the responsibility of the management of healthcare providers, while it is the responsibility of the healthcare workers to provide competent care according to approved procedures.

This paper analyses the concept of health literacy. Its importance is growing due to the complexity of the patient care system, especially in the field of oncological disease. A certain level of health literacy is essential to understanding health information and services for patients. Oncology social work is not established in the conditions of Slovakia. Nevertheless, in the context of a holistic approach, the problem of oncological disease also begins to be perceived in the social dimension. Social worker services abroad become an inseparable segment of care for patients with an oncological diagnosis. In the author's opinion, health literacy should therefore imply knowledge of the social determinants of health, the social consequences of cancer, the possibilities of social work in the social treatment of the disease, as well as the services provided by the social worker. For this reason, this review study looks at the construct of health literacy from a social point of view, focusing on cancer patients specifically.

Introduction: Pain has accompanied man from time immemorial in many life events, from birth to death. Nowadays we have many ways to treat it. However, the right pain must be evaluated to get started. In order to obtain this information, a variety of measuring tools that focus on localization, intensity, the spread of pain, continuity with daytime, physical or psychological activity, or previous patient experience are used. Objective: The aim of this paper is to find out which place the measuring instruments take in pain assessment in surgical patients, and to map the use of individual pain tools in the Czech Republic and the world. Methods: The article was processed using an overview study. The keywords were entered into the EBSCO, PubMed, Medvik and Scopus databases. Further information has been sought in specialist monographs that deal with pain assessment in surgical patients or the use of appropriate pain-measuring instruments. Overall, 39 relevant sources were found. Results: When assessing pain in a patient, it is always necessary to distinguish between acute and chronic pain. In the Czech Republic, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or the Face Scale (FPS) is most often used. On the other hand, the individual scales are more interconnected according to the needs of the patient, and thus the health professionals receive far more information than using only one scale. Conclusions: Nowadays measuring tools simplify the work of nurses and are an essential part of the nursing process. Despite the use of various measurement scales to evaluate pain, it is always necessary to keep in mind that each patient is individual and treats pain in a subjective way.

Introduction: Intimidation and mobbing are forms of violence that are of increasing concern in the workplace. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of these phenomena among nursing staff in Slovenian hospitals. Methods: 436 nurses participated in the cross-sectional pilot study, including 226 registered nurses, 175 nursing assistants, and 32 nurses with master's degrees. Participants completed a valid research instrument related to negative workplace actions, self-related health status, and social support. Results: Results showed that 35.4% of nurses experienced intimidation at work, and 5.9% of nurses experienced mobbing. Half of them were 36 to 50 years old; the majority were female (96.2%). They reported systematic and continuous experiences of intimidation at least once a week over the last six months, and poor self-reported health status (p < 0.001). The most common form of inappropriate intimidating behavior was the spreading of rumors. Women and superiors more commonly perform mobbing. Support from the social environment had no protective effect (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Research has shown a high prevalence of intimidation among nurses. Certainly, prevention is the most effective means of addressing bullying, which is a particularly important message for all. The research provides a starting point for developing and adapting future occupational health policies and interventions.

The article focuses on comparing intensive rehabilitation with telerehabilitation carried out in the home environment using common computer communication technologies. To assess the effect of telerehabilitation, an instructional video was recorded, according to which patients after hip joint arthroplasty performed exercises independently in their social environment. A total of 92 patients who underwent hip joint arthroplasty surgery were divided into two groups. Group C (control) consisted of clients who were admitted to the inpatient department of a medical facility for intensive 14-day rehabilitation. Group T (telerehabilitation) performed rehabilitation in their home environment and exercised independently with the possible supervision of a physiotherapist via communication technologies. The monitoring took place for 6 weeks, with the initial examination carried out in the first week after the surgery, a follow-up examination in the third week, and a final (exit) examination after 6 weeks of the total hip joint arthroplasty surgery. The range of motion (ROM) in the hip joint and the circumferential of the operated limb were compared for both groups. The functional examination was supplemented by walking and evaluated using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT). The results of the study indicate a comprehensive therapeutic effect of telerehabilitation in patients after hip joint arthroplasty.

Background: Isolation of infectious or immunosuppressed patients is a common intervention in hospitals. Evidence highlights various impacts due to isolation. Aim: To explore adult inpatients' experience of single room isolation. Methods: An integrative review was performed. Therefore, a systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and GeroLit, as well as an additional handsearch and a reverse search in 2021 and 2023. Screening and data extraction were carried out independently by two reviewers. Synthesis of study results was performed by constant comparison. Results: Of the 5,975 findings, 20 studies (9 qualitative, 9 quantitative, 2 mixed) containing 58,534 participants were included. Patients' experience depends on various context factors. The studies describe a multifaceted experience of single room isolation. Isolation is perceived as a protection against threats; patients experience peace and privacy but are also confronted with restrictions in relation to mobility and contact. The studies mention that isolation has various psychological and social impacts, as well as effects on the perception of received care. Although often perceived as a heavy burden, the studies highlight the opportunity for self-reflection and to find inner strength. Discussion: Patients reported a complex, multidimensional, and inconsistent experience. Further research is needed to address differentiated causal relationships between the influencing factors and different experiences.

Caring is an interpersonal process that is characterised by professional nursing, interpersonal sensitivity and a very close relationship between the nurse (care provider) and the patient (care receiver).
The aim of this quantitative descriptive study was to identify perceptions of caring behaviour by surgery nurses and their patients, and to discover relationships between their perceptions.
The set research consisted of 133 nurses (mean age 37.5 years) working in surgery departments of all hospitals in the Vysočina Region, and 543 patients (mean age 52.1 years) looked after by the nurses. The data were collected with the help of the Caring Behaviour Inventory (CBI-24) in the period of April to July 2012. Software SPSS v. 21 was used for statistical analysis (Student's t-test, ANOVA, significance α = 0.05).
The most important thing the nurses and patients considered was about the activities that fell under the topic, Knowledge and Skills. Among those activities, some were evaluated with the lowest scores by nurses, belonged to the time spent with patients, helping them with their development and visiting their room without permission. Patients saw deficiencies in nursing care mostly regarding time spent with themselves, in helping them with their development and visiting their rooms willingly without being asked.
Nurses evaluated their caring behaviour with an exceptionally higher score than that of their patients. Respondents who stayed in hospital for the first time assessed caring behaviour better. The patients' evaluation was influenced by their age and education. The evaluation of the caring behaviour of nurses that is quite a new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and can be a significant indicator of the evaluation of quality of nursing in hospitals.

Introduction: The treatment of patients with non-healing wounds requires a systematic approach, including a complete wound assessment and an accurate description of this assessment. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study - content analysis of documentation from various localities of the Czech Republic. Using the cluster analysis method to find out if there are groups that differ in their approach to evaluating the parameters of non-healing wounds. 331 dossiers from 16 inpatient and outpatient care providers and social service providers were analysed. Goals: The goal was to assess how non-healing wounds are evaluated and documented in clinical practice at selected health care and social care providers in the Czech Republic. To verify whether a clinical algorithm for evaluating non-healing wounds is available in clinical practice for selected providers and whether it is used. Results: The resulting data can be divided into three separate clusters. Individual groups can be characterised as cluster 1 - "mixed documentation", which contains 280 content analyses; cluster 2 - "nursing documentation of wound healing consultants", which includes 45 content analyses; cluster 3 - "nursing documentation - pre-printed form", which contains six content analyses. Cluster 2 shows more frequent use of objectification in the evaluation of wound parameters. Conclusions: The research showed that evaluating the parameters of non-healing wounds is very inconsistent. The recommended procedure for assessing the condition of non-healing wounds is not adequately followed and accepted in clinical practice. We have verified that the presence of a wound healing consultant is related to the more frequent use of accurate scales to assess wounds.

Introduction: Rationing of nursing care in clinical practice is related to the global shortage of nurses. Based on the assessment of nursing interventions, nurses confirmed the occurrence rate of assigned care, which is closely related to the nurses' satisfaction and turnover in clinical practice. Goal: This research aims to discover the occurrence of and reasons for rationing of nursing care in selected hospitals in the Czech Republic. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: The sample group included 629 nurses working in standard inpatient wards at 11 hospitals in the Czech Republic. The data was collected between June 2020 and June 2021 using the PIRNCA questionnaire. Results: The most frequently assigned interventions included: early response, emotional support, and patient education. The reasons mentioned were the patients' composition, condition, and sufficient staff. Significant differences were found among nurses according to age group (p = 0.0183) and education (p < 0.001). Only 14.47% of the interviewed nurses intended to leave their jobs. Conclusions: Czech nurses confirmed the occurrence of rationing of nursing care and the reasons that led them to it. The obtained evidence should be used as the basis for changes that positively influence the situation, as well as for the prevention of rationing of nursing care. The phenomenon should also be included in the training of future nurses. Further research and evaluation can bring valuable findings.