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Introduction: Food allergy is a chronic disease that requires a great deal of effort. It can result not only in a reduced quality of life, but also increased feelings of anxiety and stress. This study examines the association between health-related quality of life (HRQL) and trait anxiety levels in adults with food allergy. Methods: The research sample consisted of 167 adults with food allergy aged 19-69 years, arithmetic average (M) age 37. The STAI X2 questionnaire was used to measure trait anxiety. The food allergy quality of life questionnaire for adult population (FAQLQ-AF) was used to measure the health-related quality of life - and this achieved high reliability values. Results: A moderate, positive relationship was demonstrated between anxiety and the FAQLQ-AF. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated that trait anxiety level is a predictor of HRQL level, and an increase in anxiety level decreases HRQL. Factors such as tetanus syndrome, comorbidities, prescribed medications and recommended over-the-counter medications are associated with trait anxiety levels. Related illnesses and symptom clusters are related to HRQL levels. Conclusions: Adults with food allergy who are more anxious are more likely to experience a poorer quality of life. Early intervention, prevention and optimization of treatment management should be a necessary part of the psychological care of patients with food allergy.

Introduction and objective: In the period of transition from the reproductive to post-reproductive phase, clinical problems and changes of various character and intensity occur, which can affect the life of women. The aim of this quantitative study was to evaluate the factors affecting quality of life and quality of health of Czech women during the transition from reproductive to post-reproductive life. Methods: The data were obtained using two standardized questionnaires - (1) the WHO's WHOQOL-Bref and (2) Women's Health Questionnaire, (WHQ), as well as one non-standardized questionnaire to identify the women's quality of life and quality of health. Results: In relation to the quality of life, a statistical analysis showed that physical health was evaluated as the best item, while the home environment was considered to be the worst of the evaluated items. A comparison of the quality of health variables showed that during the climacteric, respondents were most troubled by vasomotor symptoms and least troubled by anxiety/fear. Most respondents perceived their quality of life as good, and the majority of women were satisfied with their health. Conclusions: A comparison of the quality of health variables showed that during the climacteric, respondents were most troubled by vasomotor symptoms and least troubled by anxiety/fear. Most respondents perceived their quality of life as good, and the majority of women were satisfied with their health.

Background: A stroke has an impact on the lives of patients and families, including disruption to the fulfillment of daily needs, the disturbance of the nervous system, and a decrease in the quality of life. Rehabilitation is needed to overcome these problems. However, the current concept of rehabilitation still requires in-depth analysis to make the concept clearer. Objective: This study discusses in detail the concept of stroke neurorehabilitation based on the relevant literature. Methods: This study applies a literature study by searching the literature through PubMed MESH data, and EBSCO with the following keywords: rehabilitation nursing, and stroke. Meanwhile, the concept analysis uses guidance from Walker and Avant. Results: The literature search found 51 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Based on the review that has been carried out, there are 2 antecedent factors, namely internal and external. The are 6 rehabilitation attributes, including (1) Providing holistic biopsychosocial care, (2) Nurses' ability to communicate effectively, therapeutically, and creatively, (3) Being caring and active, (4) existence of collaboration among care teams, patients and families, (5) Having a structured intervention system through clear guidelines, and 6) Using technology to support interventions. By applying those attributes, an increase in the quality of life of stroke patients can be optimally obtained. Conclusions: Neurorehabilitation requires a multidisciplinary approach, a caring attitude, and the mastery of technology.

Objective: To examine the adverse events reporting practices of nurses in Slovakia. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture between December 2017 and July 2018. Registered nurses (n = 1073) from both public and private hospitals across the Slovak Republic were included in the sample. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inductive statistics using SPSS 25.0. Results: A relationship was established between nurse-reported patient safety levels and different unit types, along with nurse overtime levels. A significant relationship was confirmed between the number of events reported by a nurse and nurse education levels, length of clinical practice, hospital size, and both hospital and unit type. Likewise, a significant relationship was verified between the reporting of near-misses and the hospital type, the hospital size and overtime hours. Conclusions: Nurses have a responsibility to advance patient safety, and this includes adverse event and near-miss reporting. Particular nurse and organizational factors have been identified which enhance reporting patterns and patient safety. Consideration of these factors when planning the nurse workforce can affect overall patient safety.

The transplantation of haemopoietic cells is a specific treatment method employed in the therapy of haematological malignant diseases and solid tumours, and also in the therapy of non-cancer diseases. The transplantation of haemopoietic cells, similarly as other treatment methods, affects the further course of the disease and thus also the quality of life of the patient. In the transversal study on 95 patients after the transplantation of haemopoietic cells at the Department of Clinical Haematology of the Second Medical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, the quality of the life of the patients was studied. With the help of the method EuroQol (European Quality of Life Questionnaire, 1987) they evaluated the quality of life depending on several factors: the age, gender, education, polymorbidity, religiosity, abuse of smoking, type of transplantation of haemopoietic cells (allogenic/autologous), time elapsing from implementing the haemopoietic cell transplantation. The results demonstrate a statistically significant dependence of the quality of life on the age, polymorbidity and religiosity. The effect of the other factors (gender, education, abuse of smoking, type of transplantation of haemopoietic cells, time elapsing from implementing the haemopoietic cell transplantation) on the life quality was not demonstrated. The general quality of life of patients after the transplantation of haemopoietic cells at the Department of Clinical Haematology of the Second Medical Clinic, Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové is at a very good level.

The period of puerperium is a critical and transformational period in the life of every woman, newborn and new family on a physical, psychological and social level. Study design: Descriptive review study. Goal: The goal of this article is to present the Mother-Generated Index questionnaire, which could be used in the community practice of midwives while nursing women in puerperium. Methods: We used a content document analysis. The documents were searched for in scientific databases, such as EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Pro Quest, Nursing Ovid, Google Scholar, PubMed or Scopus. The search and the processing of available studies were carried out from February to April 2018. The final selection included eight studies that met the criteria. Conclusions: The Mother-Generated Index questionnaire resulted as a valid tool which described the subjectively perceived quality of life of women in puerperium and used mixed sets of methods. It is possible to use it in a trans-cultural environment as well. The questionnaire was translated into Czech in 2014, but the research results of its use in women in puerperium are waiting to be published.

Background: The symptoms of chronic heart failure affect patients' emotional and physical well-being. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of depression in hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure and its links to selected aspects. Methods: Depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, data were obtained on functional independence, NYHA classes, illness perception, quality of life, and social support. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient at a 5% level of significance. Results: The sample comprised 173 patients with a mean age of 71.51 years (min. 50; max. 92), of whom 56.07% were males. Depression was identified in 47.40% of subjects; the mean score was 5.65 (SD = 4.61). Depression was more frequent in NYHA classes III and IV (p = 0.0018), as well as in patients with decreasing independence (p = 0.0002). Correlation analysis using Spearman's coefficient suggested that an increasing prevalence of depression was associated with lower quality of life (rSp = 0.5470; p < 0.05), illness perception (rSp = 0.537; p < 0.05), and social support (rSp = -0.2439; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Depression may be influenced by numerous aspects. To effectively manage depression, these aspects must be known. In hospital patients, one option could be a comprehensive intervention by a palliative team.

Objectives: In this study, physical balance indicators in relation to seniors' quality of life indicators are analysed. The objective is to analyse balance in the holistic epistemological concept, when physical imbalances have an impact on emotional and social imbalances in ageing. Procedure: Analysed data were collected from 500 randomly chosen seniors, selected from all regions of the Czech Republic. Seniors were in the age of 65 years old and over; there were 234 males (mean: 74.5 SD ± 7.74) and 266 females (mean: 76.9 SD ± 7.23). Seniors participated voluntarily on the base of the fulfilment of the informed consent. Methods: Medical Anamnesis; Functional anthropological examination; Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool; RAND 36 Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Statistics: multivariate regression with reduction of dimensionality, method of orthogonal projection to latent structure. Results: Significant correlations between each of the 36 items of the test "SF-36" and the level of the Tinetti balance test were found. SF-36 items are discussed, which have a positive or negative effect on the physical balance of seniors. In addition, anthropological and health factors were analysed, which were in significant correlation to the results of the Tinetti balance test. Conclusions: Physical balance in seniors 65+ is very closely and significantly related to the SF-36 items. Muscle mass, analysed health and anthropometric indicators have a significant impact on the results of the Tinetti balance test.

The aim of the research was to determine the satisfaction of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, with the actual bowel preparation prior to surgery, and the effectiveness of bowel emptying according to the protocol of a single procedure proposed by the authors. We studied two approaches of nurses to patients during mechanical bowel preparation. The first approach was connected with bowel emptying prior to planned surgery (according to the standard procedure of surgical wards), and the second one according to the protocol proposed by the authors. Data on patient satisfaction with the preoperative preparation were acquired using a questionnaire of our own design. The questionnaire was comprised of 26 questions compiled using the Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was examined using the Cronbach alpha coefficient, and the resulting value was 0.906. Several statistical methods were used in the research: Chi-square test, F-test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, significance α = 0.05 and Cramer V coefficient. The examined issue was verified in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic in surgery clinics at the F. D. Roosevelt Teaching Hospital with Policlinic Banska Bystrica, the Teaching Hospital Brno, University Hospital Martin, and T. Bata Regional Hospital Zlin.
It was found that our suggested protocol for bowel preparation, which focuses on patient satisfaction in the preparation process for surgery and efficient bowel emptying, is assessed more positively by patients and surgeons than the traditional standard procedure for bowel emptying. We recommended the proposed protocol be put into practice as a standard part of nursing documentation for patients being prepared for colon surgery at the Surgery Clinic II of the Slovak Medical University, F. D. Roosevelt Teaching Hospital with Policlinic Banska Bystrica.

Introduction: Violence and aggression of patients towards nurses is encountered in nursing practice in all clinical disciplines. Aggression is conditioned by the multifactorial influence of the environment, the personality of the patient and the nurse. Compared to other health care professions, nurses are exposed to aggressive behaviour much more often. Objective: The objective of the research was to determine whether nurses in the Slovak Republic (SR) are exposed to aggressive patient behaviour and which determinants most often condition aggressive patient behaviour. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire with a high internal consistency Cronbach alpha coefficient (0.870) was used. The sample consisted of 439 nurses working in hospitals in nursing units. We used k proportions comparison test using Marascuilo procedure at the significance level p < 0.0001. Results: 99.32% of nurses have experienced aggressive patient behaviour in all nursing units (the degree of experience is significant 0.4897 > 0.0813). Verbal aggression is statistically significantly higher than all other types of aggression (comparison test of two proportions; z = 13.9718; zkrit = 2.3263; p = 1.158.10-44 ≈ 0). 87.70% of nurses are exposed to physical aggression (p = 7.316.10-111 ≈ 0). Conclusions: Nurses are the target of verbal and physical aggressive behaviour from patients. The most common determinants of patients' aggressive behaviour are abuse, pain, loss of self-sufficiency, the disease itself, and lack of information.

Introduction: The independent Czechoslovak state, established in 1918, had to cope with the multi-ethnic aspect of its many areas. Only 65% of the population belonged to the state that made up the Czechoslovak nation; the rest were national minorities, most of whom were Germans (24%). The multi-ethnic aspect of the state affected all aspects of state life, including health care and medical education. Aim: The aim of this study was a historical analysis of contemporary primary and secondary sources dealing with the issue of education of national minorities in selected non-medical professions in the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic (during the 1920s). Methods: Historical data were collected in the archives of Most, Děčín, Karlovy Vary, Opava, Cheb, Košice-Rožňava selected monastic archives, the National Archives, and the Kramerius digital library of the National Library of the Czech Republic. Results: The new Czechoslovak Republic made it possible for members of the national minority to receive full training in midwifery and nursing in their native language, thus ensuring full linguistic access to midwifery and nursing care. Conclusions: Midwifery education in the First Czechoslovak Republic was conducted in Czech, Slovak, German and Hungarian, at separate midwifery schools. In the case of nursing education, even more space was offered to members of the national minority, mainly thanks to private order nursing schools.

Aim: To describe and interpret the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on selected social aspects of life, on the family and working life. Design: A qualitative cross-sectional study. Methods: The group consisted of 14 probands with MS, with an average age of 44.7 years (± 9.8) and average disease duration of 9.93 years (± 5.97). To collect empirical data, we used a semi-structured interview according to a pre-prepared protocol of our own design, in the period between January-October 2018. The interviews were analysed via an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Due to the disease symptoms, the probands experienced limitations when performing daily activities. They also experienced fear of losing self-sufficiency and were worried about the future. With the progression of the disease, there were also limitations in their working life which affected the quality of their lives. For most of them, MS also had an impact on the quality of family relationships including relations with their partners. Although the partners and children of probands were a source of social support, these people needed some time to accept MS and live with it. Conclusions: Knowledge of selected aspects of life in individuals with MS can contribute to knowing their problems, and makes it possible to provide specific help within complex care provision.

Quality of life and costs related to stroke survivors are important issues for the Czech healthcare system. Early rehabilitation after stroke has a great potential to improve patients' quality of life as well as to contribute to saving long-term societal costs. A tri-centre pragmatic longitudinal study was focused on the economic analysis of early rehabilitation after stroke in hospitals in the Czech Republic. The research also revealed dissimilarities in procedures between the involved hospitals. The number of patients included in the study was 87 (Prague - 29, Ústí nad Labem - 31, Ostrava - 27). All of them were admitted to the early rehabilitation unit less than 70 days after stroke. Data were collected using the bottom-up method alongside the standard patient care. The inter-hospital differences manifested themselves mainly in the severity of the patients transferred from neurology to early rehabilitation wards, length of the hospitalization, average cost of the hospital stay, and to some degree also in the clinical outcomes (represented by the FIM scores). The analysis showed improvements in clinical outcomes in all groups and all hospitals. The differences in the costs of the hospitalization were caused predominantly by hospitalization length. The differences in the average one-day costs were caused only by particular hospitals' treatment procedures and operational processes.

The way in which the quality of life of patients is limited after an acute stroke can manifest in several areas. Patients often experience disorders of the motor system, speech, cognitive skills, self-maintenance and others. The objective of the study was to determine how respondents assess the impact of an acute stroke on the quality of their lives and how they rate their recovery afterwards. A total of 100 respondents with an average age of 55.4 years were included. The study was conducted using a standardized "Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0" questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation coefficient, were used to analyze the data obtained. Based on statistical tests, we found a relationship between the age of respondents and the assessment of the following domains: Communication, ADL, Mobility, Hand and Participation. Dependence between the assessment of individual domains and sex was not proven. The rate of recovery of patients after an acute stroke is not associated with age (p = -0.20). It is significantly related to the assessment of individual domains. The quality of life, as well as the overall recovery rate of acute stroke patients, is reduced. It is not influenced by the age or sex of the patients. Age is related only to the assessment of selected areas of patient life.

Aim: Self-reported health-related quality of life is connected with cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the study is to find a relation between stable coronary artery disease severity and health-related quality of life.
Methods: Data from a total of 339 respondents were analysed. Respondents in the target group with stable angina pectoris (n = 165) and a control group without stable angina pectoris (n = 174) were compared in cardiovascular risk factors. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and the EuroQol EQ-5D-3L questionnaire were compared with the angiography findings and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading reported on admission by a physician.
Results: The group of respondents with stable angina pectoris reported lower scores in all domains of both the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (p < 0.01) and the EQ-5D questionnaire (p < 0.001), even when having the same risk factors as the control group of responders without angina pectoris. ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis did not prove a relation of angiography findings with any of the five domains of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire or the EQ-5D questionnaire. The CCS grading has a statistically significant relation with 3 out of 5 of domains of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (α < 0.05) and so does the EQ-5D index (p = 0.0161).
Conclusion: Patients with stable angina pectoris have a lower quality of life compared to the control group of patients undergoing coronary angiography without stable angina pectoris. There is no statistically significant relation between the coronary findings and the quality of life associated with health in the target population. There is a statistically significant relation between the evaluation using the CCS grading and 3 out of 5 of the domains of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and the EQ-5D index. The assessment of quality of life should be introduced into common nursing practice to include the patient's perception into the assessment of the disease severity.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has a major impact on patients' real-life experience. Up to now, there has been a lack of literature reviews, including comprehensive systematic ones oriented on the real life experience of PD patients. The aim was to identify, analyse, summarise and synthesise findings from qualitative studies focused on real-life experiences of PD patients. A qualitative literature review was adopted. Using EBSCOhost interface, the following research databases were searched in January 2018: Academic Search Complete; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE. To appraise the methodological quality of selected studies, the CASP - Qualitative Research Checklist was used. Thematic synthesis was adopted to synthesise qualitative findings. From the 241 records retrieved, 16 studies were relevant to the aim of our review. Six main themes were generated by thematic synthesis: Changing body; Range of emotional responses; Changing identity, self-worth and purpose; Social life limitations and challenges; Life control; and Future perspectives. The review presents a broader perspective on how PD patients experience their life with the disease. The findings may be helpful for healthcare professionals in order to better understand the need to implement individualized patient-centred care. Our findings may be useful to guide further qualitative research on the issue of the life experience of PD patients as well as to conduct systematic review.

Introduction: Sleep is an important component of lifestyle. It affects the quality of life and translates into the effectiveness of activities during the day. Poor quality sleep can lead to physical, psychological and social disorders. Sleep is considered a sociological, anthropological and cultural phenomenon. The aim of this study was to compare the sleep quality of students from different countries. Methods: The study was conducted among 532 Polish, Turkish, Hungarian and Greek students, between December 2016 and March 2017. A diagnostic survey and a questionnaire technique were used. The link to the online questionnaire was sent to students via the Internet, or made available as a printed copy. Student opinions were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The data showed that the majority of students sleep well, but have sleepless nights due to study and social life, when they wake up sleepless and early. In-depth analysis showed a statistical significance between the studied components of students' sleep and their country of origin: length and quality of sleep, falling asleep due to study and social life, feeling rested in the morning, and problems with waking up and falling back to sleep. Conclusions: Significant differences were found in the sleep patterns of students of different nationalities. Issues related to sleep and its problems should be discussed by organisations, as well as those responsible for constructing educational programmes and planning studies.

The study is the first tentative nursing probe into the quality of life of Czech patients after lung transplantation. The main objective of the study is to determine the quality of life in adult patients after lung transplantation in the Czech Republic and point out ways in which nursing can contribute to improving the quality of life of these patients.
The study used a combination of two standardized questionnaires: the SF-36, which examines eight dimensions of the quality of life, and the EQ-5D-5L, which examines six dimensions of the quality of life. In total, the sample of respondents was comprised of 61 patients, representing 67.80% of the total population of living adult patients who had ever undergone lung transplantation in the Czech Republic. The results of the study correspond to published information on the progress of the quality of life in patients after lung transplantation, namely: after lung transplantation, the quality of life is significantly improved (peak improvement occurs in the period between the 13th and 36th month); however, over time, it deteriorates again. In our study, deterioration in overall health was recorded as an increasing trend from about the fourth year after transplantation. According to the SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires, the studied sample of lung transplant patients exhibited the most significant variations in the quality of life, compared with the general population, in the following areas: social functioning, bodily pain, physical limitations - mobility, and emotional problems such as anxiety or depression. Based on the results, a new methodology is proposed to nurse-specialists concerning continuous long-term support work with lung transplant patients, which could be effective and could bring relief to patients in areas they assess as difficult to manage.

Regular physical activity improves both the physical and mental health of the elderly, enhances their independence and has a positive effect on their quality of life. The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain basic information about regular physical activities amongst the Czech and Slovak elderly population. A quantitative method was used: a cross-sectional study and an ad hoc non-standardised structured questionnaire with Likert scales. The sample consisted of 112 respondents aged 60 and older; 42.90% of the elderly stated they are involved in a regular physical activity. A relation between sports at a younger age and an involvement in a regular physical activity at an older age was confirmed (p = 0.012). 28.10% of the respondents indicated that the limiting factor for a regular physical activity was their ''health status''. There was a correlation between the subjective satisfaction with one's physical fitness amongst the elderly and their regular physical activity (p < 0.0001). Obesity was regarded as a risk factor with insufficient physical activity by 36.60%, but the relationship between the BMI values in the elderly and their involvement in a regular physical activity was not confirmed (p = 0.684).
The pilot study suggests that Czech and Slovak elderly have deficiencies in the area of regular physical activity. They also lack sufficient information about suitable activities and programmes supporting regular physical exercise for the elderly in their vicinity. The results serve as the basis for future qualitative-quantitative research.