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Quality of life has recently been more and more discussed in the medical and nursing branch, particularly with regard to quality of life at a chronic disease where its impairment is certainly expected. Such case of chronic disease is Morbus Crohn, falling into the group of idiopathic intestinal inflammations. It is a disease with relatively short history, typical epidemiology, still unexplained etiology and pathogenesis, with often problematic diagnosis, modern therapy and troublesome manifestations. All the above stated attributes characterize Morbus Crohn in general, where the last attribute causes the most negative impact on life quality, regardless the above stated modern therapy that really has achieved important development, particularly recently. This incurable disease has always affected life quality and, unfortunately, it will probably keep affecting it, but the question is to which degree and in which areas. Numerous studies show that the factor most affecting life quality is the activity of the disease, psychosocial factors, socio-economic factors and quality of medical care are important as well. An interesting finding of these studies is also higher life quality in patients with long-lasting disease compared to patients with short-lasting disease which proves the influence of adaptation to life with the disease. The interest and research of life quality in patients with Morbus Crohn are important, particularly in order to reveal the places most affected by the disease and to be able to achieve, for example, corrective and preventive measures.
The aim of this survey study is to summarize the current information on Morbus Crohn to describe the role of the nurse in the care of the patient and to outline the impact of the disease on patient's life quality. This article is based on the analysis of available theoretical sources.

Aim: To report a synthesis of evidence presented in qualitative studies related to the experience of living with ischemic stroke in young patients. Design: A research synthesis of qualitative studies. The ENTREQ statement was followed to enhance transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research. Methods: The electronic databases CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), MEDLINE (OvidSP), PsycInfo (EBSCO), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), SocINDEX (EBSCO), Web of Science Core Collection and ProQuest Science Database were used to gather data for a review of qualitative studies, yielding 5,785 sources. The methodological quality of studies was reviewed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Research Checklist. In total, seven sources were included in this literature review, focused on young adults' experience of ischemic stroke. Results: Stroke at a young age can cause a disruption of three domains: disruption of self and self-identity, social disruption, and disruption of close personal relationships. On the other hand, three analytical themes related to coping strategies or personal challenges have been found: re-establishing a new self, re-establishing a social role, and relationship help. Conclusion: The findings of our review can provide a deeper insight into understanding the experience of a stroke at a younger age and their age-appropriate needs in the long-term rehabilitation process.

The aim of the study was to define the positive effect of physical activity and nutrition on the health related quality of life in renal transplant patients in the first year following the surgery. Interestingly, the results showed that the quality of life evaluated by SF-36 of physically active renal transplant patients reached or even overreached the values of healthy individuals.
We assessed the influence of intervention (physical activity, nutrition or both) on the health related quality of life. The health related quality of life was evaluated using standardized questionnaire KDQOL-SFTM (part of the generic questionnaire SF-36), and in the period one month before transplantation (patients filled the questionnaire retrospectively during their hospitalization in the first 14 days after the surgery) and approximately 10 months after the transplantation. There were 103 patients in this study (45 females, 58 males) of the age in the range 23-75 years with the average 54.7 years (±12 years). In the period when the patient was physically active or had special nutritive therapy (9.5 months after the renal transplantation) the quality of life evaluated using SF-36 (N = 94) statistically significantly improved in all domains except for physical activity (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05) was lower that the values of healthy individuals in the Czech Republic. The results did not show any statistically significant difference among the items of the life quality and type of intervention done (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Also the testing of the differences among particular types of intervention with regard to the evaluation of the quality of life did not show any statistically significant changes.
There is a positive impact of physical activity on the quality of life of the renal transplant patients. It seems to be the most effective tool improving the quality of life, when physical activity is combined with nutrition therapy.

Bronchogenic carcinoma belongs to one of the most frequent oncological diseases in the Czech Republic, particularly in men. Symptoms of the disease or side effects of the therapy can reduce the quality of life of patients. The target of the research was to determine the quality of life of patients with lung carcinoma before and after the chemotherapy. The further purpose was to find effects of the patient gender on perceiving the quality of life before and after the therapy. The sample group included 103 patients aged 40 to 80 years. For the data accumulation, Czech versions of standardized EORTC questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 for the measurement of the quality of life of oncological patients were used. Before the therapy, the patients reported the most negative assessment of the general quality of life and health and role function. They mentioned the following stress symptoms: fatigue, dyspnoea, sleeplessness, pains, anorexia, cough and pains in arms. Men perceived more considerable load in almost all the symptoms measured before as well as after the treatment compared to women. After the treatment by chemotherapy, there were no considerable changes in the patient quality of life. Respondents reported an only slight improvement of the quality of life in the field of physical functions. In the symptomatic scale, problems with dyspnoea were significantly reduced. In contrast, after chemotherapy, there were mild increases in problems with diarrhoea, alopecia, painful mouth and peripheral neuropathy (in men only). Symptoms reported by patients in the quality of life measurement as loading should be subjected to medical as well as nursing interventions.

Objectives: To evaluate a pilot study to introduce the outcome-based home care as part of a comprehensive client assessment system in Czech home care agencies. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 13 home care agencies. Nurses were instructed to assess their home care clients with the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC), an internationally developed comprehensive assessment instrument for home care clients. In addition, the perception of nurses regarding general acceptability and clinical and management relevance of the RAI-HC was evaluated using a questionnaire, which included certain items from a published Belgian study for general practitioners. Three quality indicators were calculated with proposed risk adjustment methods and the adjusted rates were compared with publicly available provincial averages in Canada.
Results: Thirty-five home care nurses assessed 125 clients with the RAI-HC in total. The average time to complete one RAI-HC was 68 min for the first time and 35 min for the second. Based on established scales for activity of daily living, cognitive function and depression embedded in the RAI-HC, substantial difference in clients' characteristics amongst agencies were observed. The nurse's perception of the RAI-HC was generally more positive compared to the Belgian general practitioners. The adjusted rates of quality indicators varied substantially amongst agencies and the average rates were almost identical with the provincial averages from Canada.
Conclusion: Despite the time consuming assessment, home care nurses perceived the benefit of using the RAI-HC in their daily practice. An outcome based home care using routinely collected comprehensive client assessment seems to be feasible in Czech home care agencies.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the selected factors (age, education, parity, child planning, skin-to-skin contact (SSC) support, breastfeeding, partner support satisfaction, a child with an illness, risk of depression) and their influence on postpartum mother-infant bonding (MIB) in Slovak women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used. To collect the relevant data, the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used. The questionnaires were supplemented by research variables essential for the evaluation of the links between these items and the MIB. The study sample consisted of 204 women (mean age 30.9 ± 4.8 years) who were 6 weeks after childbirth. The received data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon two-sample test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Regression modelling. Results: A lower quality mother-infant relationship was demonstrated in mothers with higher education, with unsupported postpartum SSC, dissatisfied with partner support, as well as in mothers at risk of depression. According to the regression model, a statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the PBQ score and the EPDS score (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Identification of MIB risk factors with an emphasis on screening for the mother's mental state is considered to be a key factor in designing early interventions to improve the quality of pregnancy, motherhood and childhood.

Introduction: Patient safety is one of the most serious and currently very relevant global health problems. In addition to indicators of quality of nursing care, it is important to consider safety culture as one of the factors in the effort to ensure patient safety. Aim: To assess nurses' perception of hospital patient safety culture. Methods: Empirical data was collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The research sample consisted of 196 nurses working in six Slovak hospitals. The relationships between variables were tested by Spearman's rho. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine predictors of the degree of patient safety. Results: The highest number of positive responses was observed in the department's teamwork domain (63.1%), feedback and communication (61.2%), education and continuous improvement (55.3%). A significant negative predictor of the perception of patient safety was the higher number of adverse events reported in the last year (-0.226; 0.002), and the higher number of hours worked per week (-0.215; 0.002). Significant positive predictors of the degree of patient safety were the following hospital culture of patient safety dimensions: teamwork within units (0.165; 0.048), management support for patient safety (0.172; 0.045), and handoffs and transitions (0.172; 0.049). Conclusions: The level of patient safety culture underlines the quality and safety of care provided by health care providers. The Patient Safety Culture Assessment serves to identify areas for improvement, as well as to raise safety awareness among professionals. Our study can therefore be considered partial and can form a starting point for the further implementation of quantitative and qualitative research on a larger sample of respondents.

Introduction: Indonesia is recognized as an active player in the sending of health professionals, including nurses, abroad. Indonesian nurses are also placed in Middle Eastern countries, such as Kuwait. Nevertheless, there is little research exploring the life experience of Indonesian nurses living and working in Kuwait. Methods: The design of this study was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Participants in this study were 21 Indonesian nurses who have lived and worked in Kuwait for a minimum of one year. The participants were recruited from hospitals in Kuwait. This study used a semi-structured interview which was conducted in appointed places. Data were then transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results: Five themes were identified, namely: Escalating career prospects; Immersing in the local culture; Added value for Muslims; Language barriers; and Dealing with homesickness. Discussion: Participants' economic and social motives reflected different migration goals. Meanwhile, living in a Muslim country lessens the stress and may serve as a benefit during migration. Conclusions: Indonesian nurses who work in Kuwait tend to enjoy a good experience and decent salary. However, they may need upskilling in terms of the acquisition of the language needed in the receiving country. In addition, cultural adaptation and making adjustments to manage homesickness were among the strategies for surviving in the workplace whilst working in Kuwait.

The main objective of this paper is the study of patient self-sufficiency functional tests in the early rehabilitation stage of stroke, and their further development in relation to the initial disability severity. Attention is paid to the identification of links between the first weeks of early rehabilitation therapy and the patients' state one year after their discharge from the early rehabilitation ward. There were 87 patients in early rehabilitation wards in three different parts of the Czech Republic. One year after their discharge, 29 of them were tested again. The FIM (Functional Independence Measure) values from the follow-up check statistically significantly correlate with the severity of patients' functional disability at the time of admission one year ago (at the significance level of 0.05), more severe patients improved more than less severe ones. The same applies if we look at the effect of the number of days between the first onset of stroke and the admission to the early rehabilitation ward (at the significance level of 0.05). The sooner the patients were admitted, the bigger the improvement they could achieve. Monitoring of changes in the functional state and the self-sufficiency progress in stroke patients is crucial for rehabilitation indication and the tracking of its outcomes. In the Czech Republic, unfortunately, we still tend to look for unified criteria for disability evaluation, and many patients must pass through the rehabilitation system without clear guidance.

The level of client satisfaction is influenced by the quality of nursing services with the main indicator of caring behavior. This study aims to analyze the effect of the culture-based caring model on work life and the quality of nursing services. A quasi-experimental pre-post-test design was used with the control group. This study involved 60 nurses who worked in hospitals. Culture-based care model, quality of nursing care, as well as the quality of nursing work life, were variables in this investigation. The results of the different post-test scores in the two groups showed a significant difference in all indicators of the quality of nursing work life (QNWL) and the quality of nursing services. The application of a culture-based caring model makes a practical contribution to the improvement of nursing care services, namely by providing references to nurses in improving caring behavior so that patients can feel the quality of nursing services optimal.

Introduction: Aetiological factors that have a negative effect on the health of socially weak and disadvantaged population groups are diverse. To improve the situation, analysing them is essential. Objective: To establish and analyze the most common determinants that result from the social environment and affect the health status of the members of Roma communities living on the territory of the Slovak Republic in Roma settlements. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 300 residents of marginalized Roma settlements in Slovakia, who participated in a questionnaire survey. Results: The results show a low level of educational attainment and employment rate, and a very low level of living standards among the respondents. A statistically significant relationship between respondents' employment and living standards was proven. [χ2(1) = 15.831, p < 0.001]. Reliable results were proven in the relationship between educational attainment and participation in preventive health checks [χ2 (1) = 6.818, p = 0.009], in the relationship between the quality of housing and morbidity [χ2 (1) = 4.951, p = 0.026], and in the occurrence of respiratory diseases and housing conditions [χ2 (1) = 9.339, p = 0.002]. Conclusion: Education level and socio-economic factors were proven to be fundamental determinants of the health status of the members of Roma communities living in the marginalized settlements. Higher employability and employment rate of the members of Roma communities may help to improve the unfavourable situation.

Introduction: Workplace bullying is an unpleasant experience that could have adverse consequences. It includes behavior aimed at attacking the lives of individuals related to work, and is usually characterized by giving unreasonable work deadlines, reducing or eliminating responsibilities, and excessive supervision of work. The organization also suffer from the destructive effects of bullying. Team members become uncomfortable, stressed, unfocused, and do not even have a good commitment. It affects the organization's performance, leads to mental and emotional damage, and reduces the quality of work life. Objectives: This study aims to examine the consequences of workplace bullying and discover the determinants of the quality of work life in relation to bullying. Methods: This study involved 178 public service employees at the local government in Medan, Indonesia. Data was collected using the QWL scale and Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R). A quantitative research design was implemented, and the derived data were analyzed using stepwise regression. Results: Personal bullying negatively and significantly correlated with QWL (β = -0.245, p < 0.01). Work-related bullying significantly correlated with QWL (β = -0.210, p < 0.05), and physical intimidation significantly correlated with QWL (β = -0.285, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study showed that the employer is responsible for identifying and managing the risks of bullying at work. The employer should implement clear policies concerning bullying, raise awareness of related issues among the workforce, and set standards for workplace behavior.

Perinatal palliative care is provided to newborns in cases when it has been decided to discontinue life-saving treatment or life-prolonging treatment. The aim is to focus on honoring the best values of a patient and to maximize the quality of his or her life. These newborns live under life-limiting or life-threatening conditions. This study focuses on the attitudes of nurses to providing perinatal palliative care. It aims to identify factors that affect the level of care provided by nurses on a neonatological intensive care unit (NICU) in the Czech Republic, whilst also analysing barriers and facilitators. A quantitative study was performed with the use of the standardized questionnaire NIPCAS (Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale) adapted to Czech language. The research showed that the majority of participants perceive the practice of palliative care for dying child positively. A barrier was identified in the form of the environment where the palliative care is provided. The implementation of palliative care should include awareness and reassurance of parents that the medical team will continue to provide the best care to their child. Parents should be actively involved in making decisions with respect to their emotional state and cultural and religious beliefs. That is why specialized educational courses should exist to provide information about neonatological palliative care.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences and aggressive behavior of adolescents placed in residential programs in the Czech Republic represent significant risk indicators in their current and future lives. The text presents selected partial findings of the research. Aim: The aim was to map and compare general trauma and specific traumatic events, the level of dissociative conditions, and aggressive behavior in vulnerable girls and boys placed in residential programs. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 204 adolescents aged 15-19 years. The primary data collection instruments were the A-DES, ETISRS-F, and Buss-Perry Aggression Scale questionnaires. Statistical descriptive analysis of the dataset was performed using different methods. Results: The findings showed extensive rates of traumatic experiences in early childhood among vulnerable adolescents. The findings confirm considerable vulnerability in both genders. However, girls experienced more traumatic experiences, particularly childhood sexual trauma and dissociative states. Conclusions: These indicators have implications for mental health, wellbeing, and the life path of these adolescents. The findings can be used for holistic approach to these adolescents.

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRCa) is one of the few carcinomas where effective secondary prevention is possible due to the prevalent possibility of early diagnosing, which helps with subsequent and successful treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic in March 2020. Scientific studies have shown that colorectal carcinoma screening decreased or stopped in several European countries (Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Delaying colon carcinoma screening can have fatal consequences for some individuals. Goal: The review study aims to map the prevalence of CRCa in individuals in the context of the postponement of colorectal carcinoma screening due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The selection of relevant sources was conducted in 2021 using search services and sources in electronic databases (PubMed, BioMed Central, Google Scholar). The analytical review study was processed using the PRISMA and PICO techniques. Results: By reviewing the available research studies, we found that in several European countries the COVID-19 pandemic decreased or even stopped the CRCa screening programmes. The temporary suspension of screening programmes during the lockdown increased the incidence of CRCa. The detection rate of high-risk adenomas was also significantly higher during the lockdown, and CRCa was diagnosed at an early stage to a lesser extent. Anti-covid measures have markedly affected endoscopy services and histology laboratories, where the number of colon biopsy specimens related to CRCa screening has decreased. Conclusion: The results of several studies indicate a correlation between the prevalence of CRCa and the lockdown.