Kontakt 2018, 20(2):e126-e133 | DOI: 10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.11.005
Exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer in people aged 50 years and olderNursing - Original article
- Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre, Fakulta sociálnych vied a zdravotníctva, Katedra ošetrovateľstva, Nitra, Slovenská republika
Colorectal cancer is a preventable disease caused by endogenous and external environmental factors. The study objective was to map the incidence of exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer among the lay public in relation to age. The quantitative study was conducted by using the questionnaire "Colon Cancer", which was supplemented by self-designed items. To process the obtained data, we used several mathematical and statistical methods found in STATISTICA and MS Excel. The sample consisted of 1,715 respondents (males and females) from every region of Slovakia, including 1,120 younger respondents (50-59 years old) and 595 older respondents (60 years and older). They had no cancerous diseases in their medical history; and they had no healthcare education. We found a high incidence of some exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer: 60.36% of the younger respondents and 75.12% of the older respondents were overweight and suffered from obesity; 47.32% of the younger respondents and 41.18% of the older respondents ate large amounts of red meat; 76.52% of the younger respondents and 73.61% of the older respondents did not eat the recommended daily allowance of vegetables; and 47.77% of the younger respondents and 57.65% of the older respondents did not do adequate physical activity. We found that there was a statistically significant relationship between age and BMI, red meat consumption, physical activity, and smoking (p < 0.05). The frequency of consumption of vegetables and alcohol did not depend on the respondents' age. There is a high incidence of exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer in the Slovak population. We recommend implementing preventive strategies against colorectal cancer in individuals, communities, and society.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Age; Risk factors
Received: July 17, 2017; Revised: September 18, 2017; Accepted: November 27, 2017; Published: June 26, 2018 Show citation
References
- Vavrečka A. Epidemiológia, etiológia, klinický obraz a prevencia kolorektálneho karcinómu. Via pract. 2010;7(1):10-13.
- Aran V, Victorino AP, Thuler LC, Ferreira CG. Colorectal cancer: epidemiology, disease mechanisms and interventions to reduce onset and mortality. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016;15(3):195-203.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Adam Z, Vorlíček J, Vaníček J. Diagnostické a léčebné postupy u maligních chorob. Praha: Grada Publishing; 2004.
- Blahová B. Kolorektálny karcinóm a FOB skríning v ambulancii všeobecného lekára. Via pract. 2013;10(5):187-90.
- Ondrušová M, Špánik S, Pšenková M. Vybrané ukazovatele epidemiológie kolorektálneho karcinómu na Slovensku. Onkológia (Bratisl.) 2015;10(4):219-22.
- Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(2):87-108.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Diba ChS, Hlava P. Incidencia zhubných nádorov v Slovenskej republike 2010. Bratislava: NCZI; 2017.
- Prochotský A. Karcinóm hrubého čreva a konečníka. Bratislava: Litera Medica; 2006.
- Lukáš K, Bortík M, Brůha R, Dvořák M, Dražná E, Jirásek V, et al. Gastroenterologie a hepatologie pro zdravotní sestry. Praha: Grada Publishing; 2005.
- Hrčka R, Vavrečka A. Aké sú možnosti zníženia úmrtnosti na rakovinu konečníka a hrubého čreva na Slovensku? Interná medicína 2002;2(4):230-8.
- Kaušitz J, Altaner Č. Onkológia. Bratislava: VEDA; 2003.
- Jurga Ľ. Klinická onkológia a rádioterapia. Bratislava: Slovak Academic Press; 2000.
- Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(22):1679-87.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Renehan AG, Shalet SM. Diabetes, insulin therapy, and colorectal cancer. BMJ 2005;330(7491):551-2.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - World cancer research fund/American institute for cancer research. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of colorectal cancer: a global perspective. Washington DC: AICR; 2011.
- Jablonská M. Kolorektální karcinom - časná diagnóza a prevence. Praha: Grada Publishing; 2000.
- Colditz GA, Atwood KA, Emmons K, Monson RR, Willett WC, Trichopoulos D, Hunter DJ. Harvard report on cancer prevention volume 4: Harvard Cancer Risk Index. Risk Index Working Group, Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention. Cancer Causes Control 2000;11(6):477-88.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Poledníková Ľ. Geriatrické a gerontologické ošetrovateľstvo. Martin: Osveta; 2006.
- Hotár V, Paška P, Perhács J. Výchova a vzdelávanie dospelých. Andragogika. Terminologický a výkladový slovník. Bratislava: SPN; 2000.
- Čornaničová R. Edukácia seniorov. Bratislava: UK; 1998.
- Brabcová I, Kyselová M, Machová A. Prevence kolorektálního karcinomu. Onkologie 2009;3(5): 316-18.
- Hanyuda A, Ogino S, Qian ZR, Nishihara R, Song M, Mima K, et al. Body mass index and risk of colorectal cancer according to tumor lymphocytic infiltrate. Int J Cancer 2016;139(4):854-68.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Anderson AS, Key TJ, Norat T, Scoccianti C, Cecchini M, Berrino F, et al. European code against cancer: obesity, body fatness and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015;39 Suppl 1:S34-45.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: AICR; 2007.
- Beňo I. Náuka o výžive. Martin: Osveta; 2008.
- Správa o zdravotnom stave obyvateľstva SR za roky 2012-2014; 2015. [online] [cit. 2017-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/podpora/Sprava_o_zdravotnom_stave_obyvatelstva_SR_za_roky_2012_2014.pdf
- Cindi health monitor 2002 - Česká republika. [online] [cit. 2017-05-12]. Dostupné z: http://www.szu.cz/uploads/documents/czzp/CINDI/Cindi_report_pro_novy_web_08.pdf
- Jurkovičová J, Štefániková Z, Ševčíková Ľ, Sobotová Ľ, Rapantová H, Ághová Ľ. Prevalencia rizikových faktorov srdcovocievnych chorôb v populácii 65+ ročných. In: Jurkovičová J, Štefániková Z (Eds). Životné podmienky a zdravie: zborník vedeckých prác [CD-ROM]. Bratislava: Úrad verejného zdravotníctva SR; 2009.
- Národný akčný plán pre podporu pohybovej aktivity na roky 2017-2020; 2017. [online] [cit. 2017-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://www.uvzsr.sk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3160:narodny-akny-plan-pre-podporu-pohbovej-aktivity-na-roky-2017-2020&catid=108:materialy-schvalene-vladou
- Scoccianti C, Cecchini M, Anderson AS, Berrino F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Espina C, et al. European code against cancer: alcohol drinking and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;45:181-8.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Anderson JC, Alpern Z, Sethi G, Messina CR, Martin C, Hubbard PM, et al. Prevalence and risk of colorectal neoplasia in consumers of alcohol in a screening population. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100(9):2049-55. Doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41832.x.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, Ritz J, van den Brandt PA, Colditz GA, Folsom AR, et al. Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(8):603-13.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Velčická J. Pohľad na zdravotný stav obyvateľstva SR a jeho determinanty (výsledky EHIS 2014). Bratislava: Štatistický úrad Slovenskej republiky; 2015.
- Sovinová H, Csémy L. Kouření cigaret a pití alkoholu v České republike. Praha: Státní zdravotní ústav; 2003.
- Váňová A, Skývová M, Csémy L. Užívání tabáku a alkoholu v České republice 2016. Praha: Státní zdravotní ústav; 2017.
- Bartošovič I, Tašká A, Bartošovičová D. Fajčenie a alkohol u obyvateľov domovov dôchodcov v rokoch 1989 a 2000. Kontakt 2006;8(2):347-54.
Go to original source... - Colditz GA, Samplin-Salgado M, Ryan CT, Dart H, Fisher L, Tokuda A, Rockhill B. Harvard report on cancer prevention, volume 5: fulfilling the potential for cancer prevention: policy approaches. Cancer Causes Control 2002;13(3):199-212.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Fiala J, Brázdová Z. Výživové faktory v prevenci nádorových onemocnění. In: Beňa F, Brázdová Z, Čadová L, Fiala J, Holoubek I, Hrubá D, et al. Onkologická rizika. Brno: Masarykův onkologický ústav; 2001, pp. 21-44.
- Norat T, Scoccianti C, Boutron-Ruault MC, Anderson A, Berrino F, Cecchini M, et al. European code against cancer: Diet and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39(Suppl. 1):S56-66.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Aktualizácia Národného programu podpory zdravia v Slovenskej republike; 2014. [online] [cit. 2017-04-10]. Dostupné z: http://www.uvzsr.sk/docs/info/podpora/Aktualizacia_Narodneho_programu_podpory_zdravia_2014.pdf
- Dolénková T, Hlúbik P. Stravovací návyky adolescentů a dospělých jako prevence kolorektálního karcinomu. Ošetřovatelství a porodní asistence 2013;4(4):670-7.
- Cupák A, Pokrivčák J, Rizov M. Diverzita spotreby potravín na Slovensku. Politická ekonomie 2016;64(5):608-26.
Go to original source... - Bartoňková H, Holík J. Hrubá D, Hrubá M, Fiala J, Foretová L, et al. Manuál prevence a časné detekce nádorových onemocnění. Brno: Masarykův onkologický ústav; 2002.
- Fiala J. Současný stav vnímání výživy v prevenci rakoviny. Onkologická péče 2008;12(1):7-11.
- Kozelová D, Országhová D, Fiľa M, Čmiková Z. Quantitative indicators of fruit and vegetable consumption. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 2015;9(1):487-93.
Go to original source... - Kajaba I, Ághová Ľ, Ševčíková Ľ, Krátky A. Zásady režimu výživy osôb tretieho veku. In: Ághová Ľ (Ed.). Životné podmienky a zdravie. Bratislava: Úrad verejného zdravotníctva SR; 2005.
- Leon ME, Peruga A, McNeill A, Kralikova E, Guha N, Minozzi S, et al. European code against cancer: Tobacco and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39 Suppl 1:S20-33.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Cancer Report 2008. Lyon: IACR; 2008.
- Liang PS, Chen TY, Giovannucci E. Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2009;124(10):2406-15.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Botteri E, Iodice S, Bagnardi V, Raimondi S, Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P. Smoking and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008;300(23):2765-78.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Leitzmann M, Powers H, Anderson AS, Scoccianti C, Berrino F, Boutron-Ruault MC, et al. European code against cancer: physical activity and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39(Suppl. 1):S46-55.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Howard RA, Freedman DM, Park Y, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A, Leitzmann MF. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2008;19(9):939-53.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed... - Vobr R. Aplikovaná antropomotorika I. Brno: Masarykova univerzita; 2012.
- Pelclová J, Vašíčková J, Frömel K, Djordjevic I, Bláha L, Feltlová D, et al. Vliv demografických faktorů na pohybovou aktivitu a sezení u obyvatel České republiky ve věku 55-69 let. Tělesná kultura 2008;31(2):109-19.
Go to original source... - Uher I. Determinanty kvality života seniorov. Košice: Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach; 2014.



