Kontakt 2025, 27(2):97-102 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2025.023

Factors influencing the feeling of shame in individuals with incontinence: The INCOTEST studyOšetřovatelství - původní práce

Giulia Villa¹, Pier Raffaele Spena², Ilaria Marcomini^{1, *}, Andrea Poliani¹, Debora Rosa¹, Danila Maculotti³, Duilio Fiorenzo Manara¹

¹ Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Milano, Italy

² Federazione delle Associazioni Incontinenti e Stomizzati (FAIS), Italian National Association for Incontinence and Ostomy Patients, Milano, Italy

³ Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy

Introduction: Shame is defined as a negative emotion associated with intense distress and self-blame. It strongly manifests in conditions such as urinary or fecal incontinence. This study aimed to explore the feeling of shame experienced by individuals with incontinence when discussing their condition with others. Additionally, the study sought to identify factors associated with this emotion.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 220 patients with incontinence who filled in a 17-item online survey. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors related to shame.

Results: A significant sense of shame was reported by 39.1% of participants when discussing their incontinence. The highest levels of shame were observed among women with poorer health status who initially sought advice from general practitioners, had limited knowledge of incontinence, and relied primarily on the internet for information.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach that includes incontinence's emotional and psychological aspects. Educational and awareness interventions are crucial to enhance understanding, provide reliable information, and reduce social stigma. Creating a trusting environment is essential to enable individuals with incontinence to feel comfortable discussing their condition with healthcare professionals, promoting open and supportive communication.

Klíčová slova: Embarrassment; Incontinence; Shame; Stigma

Střet zájmů:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Vloženo: 28. leden 2025; Revidováno: 26. březen 2025; Přijato: 14. květen 2025; Zveřejněno online: 20. květen 2025; Zveřejněno: 23. červen 2025  Zobrazit citaci