Kontakt, 2006 (vol. 8), issue 2
Modrý květ životaEditorial
Ivan Dylevský
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):205 
K sociálním aspektům encykliky Deus caritas estEditorial
Josef Dolista
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):207
Profesor MUDr. Miloš Velemínský, CSc. - jubilujúciPersonalia
Jozef Novotný
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):208-211
Nursing at the intersection of millenium. Nursing as a science, nursing as an artNursing
Jozef Novotný, Valérie Tóthová, Miloš Velemínský
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):212-223 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.037
Nursing, similarly as many other areas of the human knowledge and activity, led in its historical genesis to a scientific form, which is mainly characterized by the subject of investigation, scientific method, language, method of acquiring data and their implementation. Thus, nursing belongs to scientific disciplines, which is considered as a real and humanitarian science (from the standpoint of its subject) and applied science (from the standpoint of its target). The subject of the examination is man as whole, which means that all the partial results of the research are in their understanding and interpretation considered as whole, i. e. holistically....
Roles of medical personnel in active participation of involvement of family in treatment of patients with speech disordersNursing
Ivica Gulášová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):224-228 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.038
The communication describes problems of taking nursing care of patients with speech disorders. The author demonstrates the unavoidable role of involvement of the family in the treatment process and taking nursing care of its sick member. She analyzes the most frequently occurring speech disorders, which should be included into basic knowledge of nurses. She demonstrates the most frequent causes of speech disorders, which include the altered health condition, for example after a sudden cerebral event, she describes aphasia with differentiating it as motor and sensitive, and furthermore she considers disorders of the speed (dynamics) of the speech, disorders...
Tasks of medical personnel associated with active participation in involvement of the family in treatment of patients with mental disordersNursing
Ivica Gulášová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):229-234 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.039
The author deals with problems of active involvement of the family in the treatment of patients with mental disorders as one of important and essential roles of the medical personnel - physicians and nurses. She analyzes the process of overcoming health crisis in the family, which takes care of and supports its sick member with mental disorder; she presents practical instructions and advices concerning these aspects of the nursing work. By a mutual cooperation of the medical personnel and family, environment is formed which recovers or reorganizes the function of the family for the time of the patient disease and convalescence. The target of studying...
Position of lay care givers in taking care of seniors and patientsNursing
Sylva Bártlová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):235-239 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.040
One of ways to enhancing the quality of taking care of seniors and patients is amplification of the cooperation between the family and services provided by the society. The currently existing demographic development adversely affected the population structure or possibly mutual relationships between potential care givers and persons who need the care. The role of lay family care givers has its irreplaceable position in this system. Taking care of seniors and patients is frequently exhausting for members of the family. It is necessary to help the care givers, who take everyday care of their near relatives, since this is an approach to forming positive...
Monitoring and evaluation of nursing care quality with stress on implementation of nursing auditNursing
Petra Papoušková, Jiřina Otásková, Iva Brabcová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):240-248 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.041
At present, a number of health care institutions focus on increasing the quality of care for patients. Quality is built, introduced, controlled, managed and certificated. Therefore it is strategically important for each health care institution to introduce the quality management system into practice. Nurses constitute the biggest group of employees in health care institutions, and therefore the key role of nurses in leading positions of hospitals in quality program application must be pointed out. The aim of this article is to define the health quare quality. To outline the issue of quality measuring of nursing care with the help of quality indicators,...
Validation of nursing diagnosis HopelessnessNursing
Katarína Žiaková, Juraj Čáp, Elena Holmanová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):249-256 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.042
One of the aims solved by the authors of the grant task called VEGA No. 1/2484/05: Problems of death and dying of man. Theoretical points of departure and practical consequences, analysis of problems of hope. In the effort to interconnect theoretical points of departure with the praxis, the authors have decided to address validation of nursing diagnosis called Hopelessness. Categorization of nursing diagnoses together with their diagnostic characteristics, their clinical applicability and reflexion of socio-cultural differences are basic preconditions of applicability of the terminology in international context. The use of the NANDA taxonomy provokes...
Principle of fairness in providing nursing care in householdsNursing
Mária Tabaková
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):257-264 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.043
The author analyzes in her communication certain problems of providing the nursing care in households, which make impossible implementation of the nursing care to the extent and in the quality, which could be expected under conditions of the Slovak Republic based on the level of the education of nurses and degree of the nursing development. She assesses the implementation of one of four main ethical principles delimiting providing the nursing care: Principle of fairness. In association with agencies for providing nursing care in households (ADOS), she considered several questions. Is the nursing care mediated through the ADOS accessible to patients?...
Disease as a stigmaNursing
Sylva Bártlová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):265-271 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.044
The article concerns certain theoretical concepts of the stigma and psycho-social nature of the stigmatization process, and emotional impact of the stigma in its relationship to the identification, anticipation, understanding and solving this problem is shown. The article offers a brief review of the development of the concept of stigma. This concept is neither static nor precisely delimited, but the contents of the concept as well as its delimitation are affected by social changes. The author elucidates the importance of the work by E. Goffman - Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity, where the stigma definition may be understood as a...
Stigmatization and mental disorderNursing
Zuzana Kusá, Igor Ondrejka
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):272-279 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.045
The work is aimed at the theme of stigmatization of humans (patients) with mental disorders, which is very important from the standpoint of the society. An individual with a mental disease suffers from consequences of a prejudice and evaluation of his/her disease by other people, which present a principal starting point for attributing him/her marks or stickers - stigma. The stigmatization involves groups of patients, who are specified by the society as carriers of a negative group feature, which affects their position in the society and fulfilling of tasks and which leads to their discrimination. The stigmatization by a mental disorder hits not only...
Medicinalization processNursing
Sylva Bártlová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):280-285 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.046
The article contains degrees through which the medicinalization process passes, i.e. identification, classification, diagnosis, intervention and prognosis. These degrees are shortly demarcated. Positive and negative sides of this phenomenon are pointed out, which is a significant secondary product of growth of knowledge in the sphere of medicine. Sociological approach to medicinalization is critical. Sociologists state that, in addition to aspects of "social control", there is also indirect "checking" effect of medicinalization in medical praxis, which is much more powerful. By focusing exclusively on the patient, the physician individualizes social...
Knowledge concerning health problems in Romany patientsNursing
Gabriela Vörösová, Ivana Majlátová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):286-291 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.047
Hildegard E. Peplau was an American expert in the field of nursing, who emphasized importance of interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients. Romany people are a specific ethnic group. The attitude to taking nursing care of these people calls for knowledge of their way of life with respecting their ethnic differences. Diagnosis by nurse - Deficiency of knowledge 00126 also requires from the nurse psychotherapeutic activities, which will help the patient to avoid dysfunctional behaviour and to understand causes and consequences of this behaviour. The classification system of nursing activities NIC - Nursing Interventions Classification and...
Problem of managing professional requirements in social workHealth and Social Sciences
Karel Paulík
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):292-300 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.048
The target of the contribution presented here is to analyze possible moderating effects of personality variables, represented here by components of the Sense of Coherence (SOC), on experiencing and evaluating the workload in social workers (N = 98). The method used comprised interviewing with the use of two printed forms submitted to respondents: (1) the SOC (Sense of Coherence) inventory, as translated by J. Křivohlavý, containing 29 items and determining the stress resistance as a personality variable of a rather global nature with its integral features and (2) a five-item inventory determining the subjective measure of the workload and of the load...
Disorders of food ingestion - mental anorexia (anorexia nervosa)Health and Social Sciences
Dagmar Adámková Korbuthová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):301-304 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.049
The present contribution deals with the problem of the food ingestion. Mental anorexia and bulimia present in their manifestations limit points of the eating behaviour, from the life threatening intake of the food to excess eating with subsequent cleansing or starvation. Due to unsuitable eating habits and use of dangerous methods of controlling the body mass and physical discontent, also generalized to other areas of the personal life, obese people suffer from the same mental and somatic problems as those with bulimia and anorexia. However, the clinical pattern and social problems in these two categories of disorders of the food ingestion are considerably...
Use of illegal drugs in population of students of the University of South BohemiaHealth and Social Sciences
Pavel Vácha, Veronika Lavičková
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):305-315 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.050
The main target of the present research was to establish the situation in the experience, use and spectrum, including intensity and availability, concerning illegal drugs used by students at the University of South Bohemia, also with taking into account associations with the load in the course of the study. Partial target 1 was aimed at questions whether university students come with their own former experience with illegal drugs. Partial target 2 of the research was to ascertain, whether users of drugs come from sites of residence with enhanced concentration of inhabitants. The total number of respondents was obtained based on random choice from the...
Analysis of relationship among prosocial tendencies, empathy and five-factor model of personality in students of helping disciplinesHealth and Social Sciences
Zdeněk Mlčák, Helena Záškodná
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):316-328 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.051
The article presents the most important results of the pilot study that researched the relationships among prosocial tendencies, empathy and five personality dimensions. The diagnostics of prosocial tendencies was performed with the help of Prosocial Tendencies Measure Questionnaire - PTM by G. Carl and B. A. Randall; the empathy measuring was performed with the help of multi-dimension scale by M. Davis, Interpersonal Reactivity Index - IRI, and the diagnostics of personality dimensions was performed with the help of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire - NEO-FFI (Costa, McCrae), which was transformed and standardized for Czech population by...
Significance of regional planning of community in crisis managementHealth and Social Sciences
Aleš Kudlák
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):329-334 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.052
Regional planning in the Czech Republic solves continuously and complexly the function use of the region, sets the principles of its organization and coordinates building and other activities influencing the territory development from material and time point of view. It creates conditions to ensure permanent harmony of all natural, civilization and cultural values in the region, particularly with regard to care for environment and protection of its principal components like soil, water and atmosphere.In current legislation of the Czech Republic, the Ministry for local development, Ministry of defense, the region or the community are bound to perform...
Advisory services in school practiceHealth and Social Sciences
Zdeněk Slomek, Vladimír Ira
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):335-339 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.053
School advisory facilities include pedagogical-psychological advisory bureaus and special pedagogical centres. The scope of the offered and implemented services are attempts to contribute to providing conditions necessary for healthy physical, mental and social development of children, fulfilling their educational needs, searching for forms and methods of integration of pupils with health handicaps, etc. An integral part is also a direct help provided for schools and school facilities and of course for the parent public. The purpose of the present work is to offer summarized information on the system and possibilities in providing special pedagogical...
April 7 - The world day of healthHealth and Social Sciences
Markéta Kastnerová, Kvetoslava Kotrbová, Vladimír Vurm
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):340-346 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.054
Health belongs to foundation stones of successful society, similarly as freedom, economical prosperity, degree of education and social solidarity. Objective and as complete knowledge as possible concerning the health is necessary for the purposeful maintenance and enhancement of the level of the health condition of inhabitants. Without this knowledge, it would be impossible to recognize severe health problems, to solve them and to establish priorities and targets of the health policy. At a worldwide forum of chronic diseases, held in Ottawa (Canada) in 2004, the general director of the World Health Organization (WHO) Dr. Lee Jong-Wood told that "our...
Smoking and alcohol in occupiers of old people's homes in 1989 and 2000Biomedicine
Ivan Bartošovič, Alena Tašká, Dušana Bartošovičová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):347-354 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.055
The target: to consider smoking and alcohol consumption and their development in an 11-year period in occupiers of old people's homes.Method: by controlled interviews (questionnaires), we examined two groups of occupiers of old people's homes; in 1989 all the 48 occupiers of one home (average age of 69.3 years); in 2000, 59 randomly selected occupiers of four homes of average age of 71.2 years. There were three possibilities of answering the question about smoking: smoker, always non-smoker and former smoker. The answer to the question concerning drinking alcohol was yes, not at all or occasionally (from time to time). The two groups were compared...
Gene of dependence on nicotineBiomedicine
Jiří Patočka, Anna Strunecká
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):355-357 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.056
By smoking tobacco we mean inhalation of the smoke from burning dried tobacco leaves. This practice was common in many original inhabitants of America and it was brought into the rest of the world by sailors, who participated in first voyages of Europeans to the American continent. The most common form of smoking tobacco is smoking cigarettes. The tobacco smoke contains nicotine, which is a substance temporarily stimulating the alertness and memory, but it simultaneously induces a strong physical and mental dependence. Medical research demonstrated that smoking considerably participates in many health problems, particularly lung cancer, emphysema and...
Drug named alcoholBiomedicine
Radka Sandorová, Jaroslava Samková, Jan Holejšovský, Stanislav Vodvářka
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):358-365 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.057
Alcohol is the most extensively used drug and alcoholism presents the most important source of social, economical and health problems in many countries. The target of the present work was to accumulate data about the situation in the Czech Republic and particularly in the South-Bohemian Region. Alcoholism is a chronic, very frequently progressive disease, which can be even fatal. The alcoholism is typically caused by a physical dependence on the drug alcohol, but there is also a participation of genetic, psychological and social factors. Alcohol is a factor which brings a contribution to almost half mortalities in traffic accidents and which leads...
Problems of hair analysis in forensic toxicologyBiomedicine
Petr Procházka
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):366-369 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.058
The present work is aimed at summarizing knowledge and providing integral outline of problems of the hair analysis. It is particularly focused on its use in practice. It also offers the reader with an integral review of methods of carrying out tests of hair samples for the presence of certain substances. Last, but not least, it serves as a summarization of knowledge necessary for the hair analysis. The first part of the work deals with problems of the choice of the type of biological material for the analysis, particularly with the importance of the hair tissue and further alternative materials. The second part is aimed at the description of the mechanism...
Living organisms as real-time detectors of toxic pollution of waterBiomedicine
Šárka Veselá
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):370-375 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.059
For the detection of the toxic pollution over real time, so called biological early warning systems (BEWS) were developed. They are devices using living organisms as detectors of toxic pollution and comprising several parts: A water delivery system, an experimental chamber, an electronic or mechanical sensor (camera), from which the data measured are transmitted to an analyzer and alarm system, which will announce the toxicity found. The pollution monitoring is essentially continuous or it is performed repeatedly at very short intervals, time necessary for the detection is reduced to a minimum period, and the pollution detection is non-specific. For...
HumaninBiomedicine
Jiřina Slaninová, Jiří Patočka
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):376-383 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.060
The new substance called humanin was discovered by a group of Japanese scientists from Tokyo five years ago. Its discovery was facilitated by isolating a gene that had protective effect in vitro against different factors characteristic for Alzheimer's disease. Humanin is a linear peptide with 24 amino acids with slightly unusual solitary cysteine in position 8. If this cysteine is substituted by alanine, the peptide's activity gets lost; if it is substituted by arginine, the activity is maintained. It is surprising that if we substitute the amino acid in position 14 (serine) for glycine, the activity increases 1000 times. The peptide contains further...
Non-standard values of the blood pressure in children as a risk of origination of cardiovascular diseaseBiomedicine
Dita Nováková, Miloš Velemínský
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):384-388 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.061
Cardiovascular diseases occur ever more frequently in younger age groups and thus, it is necessary to consider their prevention. One of risk factors leading to the origination of cardiovascular disease is high blood pressure, i. e. hypertension. Its occurrence in the population is increasing, the prevalence in childhood being between 1 and 10%. The blood pressure measurement is a simple, cheap method, which is effective if it is used appropriately. The purpose of the study was monitoring of individuals with blood pressure values in the region "High Normal". Total of 1 269 children at their age of 13 to 15 years participated in the study. In these children,...
Ivabradine: a new therapeutic perspective in cardiovascular diseaseBiomedicine
Jiří Patočka, Bohumír Plucar
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):389-393 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.062
Ivabradine is a novel heart-rate-lowering drug that acts specifically on the sinoatrial node by selectively inhibiting the If current, which is the current prevalently responsible for the slow diastolic depolarization of pacemaker cells. Unlike many rate-lowering agents, ivabradine reduces heart rate in a dose-dependent manner both at rest and during exercise without producing any negative inotropic or vasoconstrictor effect. The bradycardic effect of ivabradine is proportional to the resting heart rate, such that the effect tends to plateau. Because ivabradine also binds to hyperpolarization, voltage-gated channels which carry the Ih current in the...
Trendy sociální pediatrie z pohledu Ministerstva zdravotnictvíPopularizace vědy
Iva Truellová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):394-395 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.063
Pokroky v hepatologii - SX-ELLA Stent DanisPopularizace vědy
Dagmar Adámková Korbuthová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):396-397 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.064
Školy podporující zdravíPopularizace vědy
Kvetoslava Kotrbová, Markéta Kastnerová, Vladimír Vurm
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):398-403 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.065
Vaccination against influenzaPopularizace vědy
Markéta Kastnerová, Kvetoslava Kotrbová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):404-411 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.066
Influenza is a disease resulting in high morbidity and economical losses in all the labour spheres in the Czech Republic. In expert circles, it is a matter of general opinion that the vaccination with inactivated commercially available vaccines still before the influenza period is one of the most important anti-epidemic provisions against this infection. The vaccination in risk groups can considerably reduce the negative impact of possible influenza epidemic or pandemic not only on this group, but on the population as whole. Cases of death actually occur not only due to influenza but mainly due to its complications, the most important of them being...
Charakteristické rysy vývoje Alzheimerovy choroby u jedinců s Downovým syndromemPopularizace vědy
Lenka Duchoslavová
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):412-413 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.067
Recenze na knihyReviews
Komorný M., Šoltéz L., Vitoň J.
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):414-417
ZprávyNews
Pavlík P., Jánský P., Duchoslavová L., Príkazský V., Kotrbová K., Kastnerová M., Navrátil L., Havránková R., Šimák M., Rosina J., Freitinger Skalická Z., Samková J.
Kontakt 2006, 8(2):418-435 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.069