Kontakt, 2011 (vol. 13), issue 3
Evaluation of psychosocial needs in patients at terminal stage of their diseaseNursing
Radka Bužgová
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):265-274 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.032 
The requirements for the dignity of dying and good conditions of the death always inseparably include the quality of taking the care and evaluating and experiencing the end of the life by the patient. In spite of this, many patients are provided neither with specialized care nor with general palliative care at the end of their life. There are evidences suggesting that these patients encounter many unmet needs considerably reducing the quality of their life. The authors particularly point out the problem of lacking solutions to needs of patients at the terminal stage of their disease, very old fragile patients, or patients with dementia, due to the...
Style of life of the Mongolian minority in the Czech RepublicNursing
Valérie Tóthová, Věra Veisová, Monika Jelečková, Helena Michálková, Lucie Rolantová
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):275-286 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.033
The entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union, globalisation effects and associated reduction in distances and increase in the human population mobility - these are only examples of factors affecting the varying structure of the population in our country. It is no more just a transit country for migrants, but it also becomes a target country. The majority society ever more comes in contact with migrants, who are members of other nations and ethnic groups (Ivanová et al., 2005). This brings enhanced requirements not only for individuals but also for the whole society in terms of the multicultural understanding and tolerance. The public meets...
Role of nursing in supporting adaptation of patients with rheumatoid arthritisNursing - Review
Mária Sováriová Soósová
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):287-297 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.034
The main target of the study presented here is to show the most frequently occurring problems and management of the nursing care in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. An analytical-synthetic approach was chosen for the investigation of the most frequent adaptation problems in patients suffering from RA. The analysis was based primarily on original studies and secondarily on data from the literature (meta-analyses, outlining studies). Roy's adaptation model was the main theoretical framework for evaluation of physical, psychical and social impacts of RA. The author shows a great variety of responses to the disease in particular adaptation modes: particularly...
Most frequent causes of incapacity to work in the Czech RepublicHealth and Social Sciences - Original article
Ljiljana Bojičová, Věra Adámková
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):298-307 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.035
The incapacity to work is a complex phenomenon exerting impacts on individuals as well as on the whole society. Its effects are present in health, economic as well as social spheres and its development depends on many factors, but the most frequent causes of the incapacity to work are ever the same with variations in their ratios and order only. The target of the work presented here was to identify main causes of the short-term and long-term incapacity to work over a period of five consecutive years and evaluate their social and economic impacts. The analyzed group of incapacitated persons included insurants whose policy was administrated by the Czech...
New consideration of the degree of dependence based on principles of the International classification of functional capacity, disability and healthHealth and Social Sciences - Review
Rostislav Čevela, Libuše Čeledová
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):308-314 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.036
The consideration of the degree of dependence for purposes of providing financial contributions to the care is currently being performed through the mediation of the assessment of the impact of long-term adverse conditions on the ability to manage operations delimited by the law. In the currently existing system, based on section 9 paragraphs 1 and 2 of Law No. 108/2006 Sb. "On social services" as amended, the ability to manage 18 operations in taking the self-care and 18 self-sufficiency activities are evaluated. Each of these operations includes a number of activities as delimited in Attachment l of Regulation No. 505/2006 Sb. as amended. The result...
Complex health insurance of foreigners and its drawbacks (An analysis of situation in providing foreigners with health care)Health and Social Sciences - Review
Ruslan Zassiedko, Martina Tušková
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):315-327 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.037
Amendment of law No. 326/1999 Sb. "On the stay of foreigners in the territory of the Czech Republic" brought a number of changes in the field of providing foreigners with the health care in the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic, there are five commercial health insurance companies that can rightfully insure foreigners as follows: the insurance company Maxima a. s., the General Health Insurance Company a. s., the insurance company Slavia, Victoria Volksbanken and the insurance company Uniqa. The article entitled "An analysis of situation in providing foreigners with health care" deals with aspects encountered by foreigners arranging the health insurance...
Smoking and alcohol consumption in Romany communities in the Czech and Slovak RepublicsHealth and Social Sciences - Original article
David Urban, Alena Kajanová
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):328-335 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.038
Smoking and drinking alcohol belong to the most frequently occurring dependences and also to risk factors of the development of numerous diseases in the Czech, Slovak and Romany populations. According to the research results available (Nesvadbová et al., 2009; Davidová et al., 2010), in Romany communities, the occurrence of smoking and drinking alcohol is significant due to its determination by social and economic factors.The target of the article presented here is mapping of smoking and alcohol consumption in selected Romany communities in the Czech and Slovak Republics.The method of the research was based on its qualitatively-quantitative...
Philosophical starting points of medical ethicsHealth and Social Sciences - Review
Mária Nemčeková
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):336-344 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.039
The author shows connections between philosophical starting points and identification of ethical problems associated with the medical practice. The Hippocrates concept of medicine was not only a moral change in the attitude to the patient and in the formulation of principles of non-malefficiency and benefficiency expressed in the known therapeutic idea: to cause no harm, to be helpful or at least not to be harmful. It particularly brought changes in ontology - by changing the concept of the disease and methodology - by the implementation of the causal criterion and searching for natural causes of the disease in disorders of somatic and mental relationships...
Veratrum alkaloids: biology, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicologyBiomedicine - Review
Zdeňka Navrátilová, Jiří Patočka
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):345-355 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.040
There are more than 200 Veratrum alkaloids that occur in plants of the genus Veratrum L. (Melanthiaceae), which includes a number of American, European and Asian hellebores (particularly the Veratrum viride Ait. and Veratrum album L.). The alkaloids are present in the rhizome and roots and in lower amounts also in seeds and other parts of the plant. The Veratrum alkaloids exert considerable cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects and also affect the respiratory system. They increase the cholinergic tone and decrease the adrenergic tone with relevant side effects, and in higher doses, they inhibit breathing and induce cardiac arrhythmia. Veratrum alkaloids...
Health and condition of the supporting-locomotor system in adolescentsBiomedicine - Original article
Mária Zanovitová, Igor Zanovit, Elena Bendíková
Kontakt 2011, 13(3):356-366 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2011.041
The ever increasing occurrence of civilization diseases points out the need for the primary prevention and motivates healthcare professionals to the enhancement of their efforts focused on the maintenance and support of the population health. Insufficient locomotor activity is one of civilisation factors negatively affecting the health in young people.The work presented here is aimed at problems of diseases of the supporting-locomotor system in adolescents in association with a lack of movement activities, activity reduced due to their health condition and changes in their style of life.The target and scope of the research was the determination...