Kontakt, 2005 (vol. 7), issue 1-2

Co je to věda?Editorial

Ivan Dylevský

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):5  

Editorial - slovo odpovědného redaktoraEditorial

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):7  

Quality of life in patients after transplation of hemopoietic cells: current knowledge from selected foreing trialsNursing

Ladislav Slováček

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):9-16 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.003  

The transplantation of hemopoietic cells is a modern treatment modality in the biomodulating anti-cancer treatment of hematological malignities and solid tumors. It is also employed in the treatment of non-cancer and hereditary diseases. Similarly as other treatment methods, the transplantation of hemopoietic cells also affects a further course of the disease and thus also the quality of life. The author describes possibilities of estimating the quality of the life of patients after the transplantation of hemopoietic cells.

Health and social care aspects of the palliative care in childrenNursing

Hana Burkertová, Dita Nováková, Jitka Dvořáková

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):17-23 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.004  

Approaches to taking care of a dying child and its family are of a great importance for the life quality and capability of parents and brothers and sisters in the process of facing the death. Pediatric hospices grant a support and assistance and practical background for children suffering from life threatening diseases, for their family members and close friends. The requirements for the pediatric palliative care are encountered in a great variety of diseases, which are different from diseases in the adulthood, many of them being very rare and familial. The type of the care necessary for the child and its family depends on the diagnosis; the diagnoses...

Focus groups in nursing careNursing

Sylva Bártlová

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):24-26 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.005  

In nursing care, qualitative methods are ever more frequently used, one of them also being the approach of focus groups. In the field of nursing, many problems, such as the communication, long-term nursing, handicap, dying etc. are shown to be accessible just through the mediation of these methods and particularly of the focus group approach.

Information systems in health careNursing

Pavel Pavlík

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):27-32 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.006  

The use of information systems in the health care and social work are very different. The absence of coordination in the development of these technologies results in useless problems in the communication and subsequent administrative works. The contribution of new information and communication technologies inheres in improving the management of the health care and medical practice. The most important task is the possibility of interconnection and compatibility between particular information systems.

Dignity of elderly people and health careNursing

Štefan Krajčík

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):33-36 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.007  

Elderly people form a great majority of clients of most clinical disciplines. They are a very vulnerable group, and in old age, there are frequent situations, which can present negative impacts on the human dignity. Of several concepts of the dignity, that one is most suitable for supporting professions, which is based on the awareness of being a part of the humankind. It is of importance that dignity must not be misinterpreted as a value and its survival. The dignity is a starting point for taking care of a "non-perspective" patient and an important part of taking care of elderly people with making them possible to survive their own dignity. In this...

Problems of maltreatment of senior citizensNursing

Michaela Šimková, Tomáš Chovanec, Martina Hrušková

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):37-44 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.008  

In the society, in which demographic aging of the population is encountered, the number of senior citizen also increases, who can face problems of the maltreatment. The authors were interested in mapping this topical problem in the current Czech society with the use of information sources as well as with implementing the research of the degree of information of the senior citizens themselves about the maltreatment. The following selected results of the research demonstrate the experience and information concerning the maltreatment in South-Bohemian senior citizen.

Význam školních sester/mentorek pro zajištění kvality výuky na klinických pracovištíchNursing

Hana Sloupová-Bürgerová, Andrea Hudáčková

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):45-46 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.009  

Úvod do histórie ošetrovateľstvaNursing

Ivica Gulášová

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):47-52 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.010  

Sestra - obhajkyňa práv pacientaNursing

Ivica Gulášová

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):53-58 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.011  

Ethics and authorship in scientific publicationsHealth and Social Sciences

Jozef Novotný

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):59-65 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.012  

Ethics is conditio sine qua non in the professional activity and thus also in the scientific work and even in the everyday activity. Ethics can be considered as practical philosophy representing the relationship of the man to the world. Ethics is a theory of morals, i. e. philosophic discipline investigating the moral or morally relevant behavior and its forms. We can currently encounter the concept of ethics in ever new association, e. g. bioethics, which cannot be understood solely as a synonym of medical ethics. Scientific work is a driving force of intellectual persons, which shifts the practice forward and, on the other hand, the practice presents...

Philosophical anthropology and its perspective in ethics (From anthropocentrism to biocentrism)Health and Social Sciences

Miroslav Sapík

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):66-69 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.013  

The author of the article deals with the relationship between current philosophical anthropology and its perspective in ethics. The text interprets the concept of philosophical anthropology and history of this concept in the European dimension.

Factors determining the process of social integration of persons with health handicapsHealth and Social Sciences

Radka Prázdná

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):70-74 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.014  

The article attempts to summarize facts determining the process of the social integration of persons with health handicaps. The integration is presented to the reader as a dynamic process with three principal components participating in its development. These are the social psychological and biological components, which are detailed in comprehensive works. The author tries to offer associated facts affecting the success of the whole process of the incorporation of a handicapped individual into the majority society. In the part making the reader familiar with social standpoints, principal conceptual models are presented, which can be observed in attitudes...

Specific features of unemployment in the countryside - regionalstudyHealth and Social Sciences

Marie Drlíková, Zuzana Tupá

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):75-80 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.015  

The unemployment in the countryside is based on certain non-specific problems, which are characteristic for the whole Czech society. On the other hand, there are also problems characteristic only for the considered region with respect to regional specific features of particular regions.There is still a problem of a group of citizens, who remained unemployed after their release from the agricultural production. The social profile of this group of inhabitants of the country can be characterized as a group of citizen with rather low education and insufficient experience for independent undertaking activity, who encounter a number of problems when...

Centrain special features of social advisory activity and supervision in social workHealth and Social Sciences

Milan Schavel

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):81-86 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.016  

The present contribution considers certain specific features of the social advisory activity and supervision in the social work. It indicates differences between psychological and social advisory activities. The second part is aimed at the supervision in connection with a brief historical cross section, at delimiting that concept and characterization of the supervisor. Certain particular problems are conclusively presented concerning the use of the supervision in the social practice.

Legal awareness of children from children homes with school (former educational institutes)Health and Social Sciences

Jitka Dvořáková, Jana Čapková, Karla Dvořáková, Michal Simandl

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):87-93 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.017  

In 2004, the research of the legal awareness was implemented with 87 children from children homes with school (former educational institutes). The examination was a part of the project of the Fund of Development of Universities as a topical reaction on the criticism of the council of the UNO for children rights concerning just the children situated in these institutes. The research attempted to bridge one of gaps in the map of monitoring and implementation of the Agreement on Children Rights.

Children of advanced school age and nicotinismHealth and Social Sciences

Květuše Zikmundová, Helena Zavázalová, Vladimír Zaremba

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):94-99 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.018  

A survey based on questionnaires, aimed at children of 11 to 15 years of age, was implemented at primary schools in 2003 and 2004. The target was to determine smoking habits, opinions, standpoints and knowledge of children concerning the problems of smoking. The action included an introduction lecture and, after completing the questionnaire, a talk about the given theme was held. The group included total of 235 children, 51% of boys and 49% of girls. The results demonstrate a high smoking prevalence of 17.7%. The girls are at a higher risk. A smoking bunch and smoking family can affect the motivation of the smoking behavior in children. Various interests...

Marihuana - no problem?Health and Social Sciences

Peter Ondrejkovič

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):100-105 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.019  

The article turns the attention to the problem of underestimating the consumption of marihuana, it specifies sites of the action of THC in the brain, it categorizes opinions concerning the marihuana consumption and its attempts to find an answer to the question of possibility of many different or even controversial standpoints aimed at one fact. A comparison of effects of marihuana and alcohol is also a part of the present contribution.

Removing architectural barriersHealth and Social Sciences

Hana Francová

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):106-110 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.020  

In many cases, the implementation of new building works and repairs of existing buildings and communications unfortunately brings no improvement of the access for people with health handicaps and thus also no fulfillment of laws.These citizens face the problem of financing when removing barriers, however, in general it is possible to conclude that misunderstanding on the part of different institutions presents the greatest obstacles. Possible compromises resulting in the solution of the situation frequently lead to a potentiation of the inferiority complex. The removal of barriers of physical nature is paradoxically rather simple in comparison...

Publicity of handicap in media and its difficuliesHealth and Social Sciences

Josef Slowík

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):111-114 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.021  

The publicity of the life of people with handicap in media is shown to be a very controversial phenomenon. On the one hand, it is of benefit, since it makes the majority society familiarized with the situation of handicapped individuals and induces a certain social reaction. On the other hand, media can suggest a general concept of nearly smooth and professionally provided condition in taking care of handicapped people.Thus, there is an actual danger of a general lowering of the empathy and also sensitivity to abnormal situations - i. e. not only to the health involvement, but also to the violence and breaking of moral rules. In the human society,...

Lidská práva - od historie do současnostiHealth and Social Sciences

Martin Šimák

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):115-120 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.022  

Lidská práva, práva dítěte, základní životní potřeby a sociálně ekologický modelHealth and Social Sciences

Karel Hejč

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):121-124 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.023  

Informovanost studentů LF o hospicové péčiHealth and Social Sciences

Jaroslav Kotrba

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):124-127 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.024  

Chlorine terrifies us too frequentlyBiomedicine

Jiří Patočka, Vladimír Měrka

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):128-132 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.025  

Under conditions of normal temperature and pressure, chlorine is yellow-green, strongly irritating gas, heavier than the air. It is employed for the chlorination of drinking water and disinfection of waste waters. It is an important industrial chemical substance used in the manufacture of pesticides, disinfecting, bleaching and cleaning agents, products for swimming-pool chemistry, PVC-based plastic materials and synthetic rubbers and a great variety of chlorinated compounds. Gaseous chlorine exerts irritating and corrosive effects on the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Its effect depends on its concentration and exposure period. The exposure to...

AnthraxBiomedicine

Veronika Boštíková, Jiří Patočka

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):133-137 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.026  

Anthrax is a fatal bacterial infection, which occurs when endospores of the Bacillus anthracis penetrate into the body through one of the following three ways: by inspiration, through the skin or on ingestion. Prior to anthrax terrorist attacks in the USA in 2001, there was an only slight interest in anthrax as a dangerous human pathogen. Anthrax was considered as a veterinary problem of a rather low importance. This unconcerned attitude to anthrax was changed after terrorist actions in 2001. The number of victims was relatively low, however, in spite of this, the attacks enhanced the fear of possible large-area aerosol attack, which could be implemented...

Ebola virus and bioterrorismBiomedicine

Zuzana Skalická

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):138-140 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.027  

Viruses causing hemorrhagic fever are potential agents for the biological war, since they can be transferred with the help of an aerosol and they exert high morbidity and mortality after the origination of infection and capability of mass replication in cell cultures. In the work, the Ebola virus and hemorrhagic fever caused by this virus are described. The Ebola virus is one of the most fatal viruses known to the man.

Method of Evaluation a Basic Mechanic Property of CartilageBiomedicine

Vojtech Havlas, Ivan Dylevský, Petr Mašát

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):141-144 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.028  

Many osteoarthritis animal models have been studied, attempting to model these findings after those of humans. an animal model that could develop naturally occurring osteoarthritis in a manner similar to humans would be of great benefit for future research.Studies with cynomologous macaques have shown that these animals develop naturally occurring osteoarthritis similar to that in humans. The goal of the current project was to examine the basic biomechanical characteristics of normal cynomologous macaque distal femoral articular cartilage as well as to develop a proper biomechanical testing protocol.Testing was performed with the EnduraTEC...

Results of surgical restorations of knee anterior cruciate ligamentBiomedicine

Mašát, P., Dylevský, I., Havlas, V.

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):145-152 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.029  

In the course of recent years, the plastic surgery of the knee joint LCA became a widely used method of treating chronic unstableness. At our clinic, these operations have been performed since 1996. The purpose of the present work is to assess effects of these interventions with respect to future long-term prospects. The objective evaluation was provided with the use of a rollimeter designed by the present authors.

Measurements of viscoelastic characteristic of soft tissues in spasic syndromeBiomedicine

Petr Šifta, Stanislav Otáhal, Jana Süssová

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):153-156 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.030  

The target of the research was a design and description of a non-invasive biomechanical method, which would be able to assess viscoelastic characteristics of soft tissues in spastic syndrome with the help of the appliance myotonometer. This was a correlation analytical study including a set of 344 measurements on 23 patients involved by spasticity of various etiopaogenesis. The result of this study is a presentation of the appliance myotonometer, which may be used for determining the viscoelastic parameters of interest.

Some health and ethical aspects of the circumsionBiomedicine

Radovan Boča, Libuša Radková, Ladislav Šoltés

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):157-159 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.031  

The authors consider certain aspects of the circumcision in men. They emphasize the fact that at the beginning, the circumcision was understood as a religious, ritual action, however, the reasons for the circumcision in men stepwise varied and the medical standpoint started to prevail. This occurred when the implementation of the circumcision passed to hands of trained specialists - physicians. The reasons for as well as against the circumcision are ever at a level of polemics and their persistence is rather traditional. However, when a man decides to undergo the circumcision, who is quite competent with respect to his behavior, or when the circumcision...

Ethical and health aspects of the circumcision in womenBiomedicine

Libuša Radková, Radovan Boča, Ladislav Šoltés

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):160-163 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.032  

The circumcision in women, which is ever being implemented for ritual reasons supported by the tradition, is an unacceptable intervention mutilating the woman genitals and disturbing the woman sexuality. The authors emphasize that it is employed mainly in areas, where the man remains a dominant partner and woman genitals serve exclusively for the reproduction of children and pleasure of men. Based on own experience, the authors consider the circumcision in women as an absolutely unacceptable tradition, which violently damages the woman and makes her a tool and property of the man. We consider the circumcision in women as an intervention, which brings...

Is it necessary to think about tetanus?Biomedicine

Oto Masár, Katarína Galková, Ján Murgaš

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):164-168 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.033  

The authors present a case of a young woman admitted for generalized cramps of unexplained origin. The condition was concluded as tetanus based on clinical symptoms and responses to the therapy. In the article, the tetanus pathological physiology and therapy is also analyzed.

Zásady farmakoterapie v detskom vekuBiomedicine

Oto Masár, Ján Murgaš

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):169-176 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.034  

Barvy, barevné vnímání a koloroterapiePopularizace vědy

Ivan Dylevský

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):177-181 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.035  

PřírodaPopularizace vědy

Josef Šmajs

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):182-183 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.036  

Vodník (z pohledu lékaře)Popularizace vědy

Stanislav Tůma

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):184-188 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.037  

Recenze na knihyReviews

Jaromír Feber, Ondřej Doskočil, Martin Weis, Stanislav Doležal

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):189-195  

ZprávyNews

Doubravová D. a kol, Navrátil L., Koudelková V., Čapková M., Zimmelová P.

Kontakt 2005, 7(1-2):196-200