Kontakt, 2012 (vol. 14), issue 3
Jihoafrická republika - bílá tvář černého kontinentuEditorial
Petr Petr
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):247-249 
Cultural shock of Czech healthcare professionals in Islamic countriesNursing
Hana Lukšová, Jana Kutnohorská, Yvetta Vrublová
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):250-260 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.028
The cultural dialogue, which is in European countries currently prevalently focused on a dialogue with the Muslim culture, occurs in an interaction with experiencing a cultural shock. People entering a new environment (different population, climate, customs, tradition, religion, etc.) can experience a cultural shock - a process of the adaptation to changes. It consists of several stages and takes individually different periods of time, exerts different degrees of intensity and is affected by many factors.The target of the research was to bring a contribution to knowledge of effects of the foreign cultural environment on 15 Czech healthcare professionals....
Subjective assessment of the swallowing function in seniors: Use of the foreign tool EAT-10Nursing
Kateřina Petržílková, Petra Mandysová, Jana Škvrňáková, Edvard Ehler
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):261-268 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.029
Difficulties in swallowing are a frequent and potentially severe problem. Dysphagia can be encountered in any period of life, but the prevalence is essentially higher in seniors (Roy et al., 2007, p. 858-865). Due to the population aging (Czech Statistical Office, 2009), it is to expect that the occurrence of swallowing disorders will ever be increased with increasing the average life span. In the dysphagia diagnostics, on the one hand, objective data resulting from the patient examination are obtained, but it is also suitable to consider subjective data, which are accumulated in the course of interviews. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) (Belafsky...
Preventive programmes of CAN syndrome in childrenNursing - Review
Lucia Mazúchová
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):269-275 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.030
Negative consequences of any form of the CAN syndrome (cruelty, abuse and negligence) in children suggest that the prevention is needed. The prevention is more advantageous than therapeutic or remedial interventions associated with tedious and expensive processes, which are time consuming or painful. In our contribution, we deal with preventive programmes of the CAN syndrome in children performed abroad and possibilities of their use in our country on the part of nurses and midwives. Preventive programmes have been proposed as a response resulting from needs in particular regions and can be inspiring in the prevention of exposing children to the cruelty,...
Estimates of the suicidal risk by nursesNursing
Andrea Čerňanová, Miroslav Sabo
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):276-285 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.031
Based on an analysis of questionnaires, the authors evaluate opinions of nurses concerning prejudices associated with suicides and search for risk factors considered by nurses in the prediction of the suicidal risk and attitudes and provisions proposed by the nurses in these cases. The research group included 165 respondents. The results demonstrated that the respondents were not able to correctly identify myths associated with suicides and that nurses having still short practice less frequently agreed with the prejudices, the difference being not statistically significant. The opinions of nurses were not affected by the level of their education achieved....
Quality of life of women in pregnancy period: A study based on focus groupsNursing
Eva Vachková, Jiří Mareš
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):286-297 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.032
In the contribution, the authors deal with the assessment of the quality of life of women in the period of their physiological pregnancy. The work first summarizes still existing knowledge concerning the research of the quality of life in the period of pregnancy obtained in abroad and describes methodological approaches to the examination of the quality of life in pregnant women. The targets of the research study were as follows: 1. Mapping of experiencing changes resulting from pregnancy and effects of these changes on the quality of life; 2. Identification of variables considerably affecting the quality of life in this period from the viewpoint of...
Examination of lifestyle in individuals suffering from chronic diseasesNursing
Jan Chrastina, Kateřina Ivanová, Šárka Ježorská, Sylva Bártlová
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):298-314 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.033
The main target of the work was to describe a research method in the field of nursing focused on the identification and description of limits of the style of life in individuals suffering from chronic diseases and demonstrate its verification in a pilot project. The conceptualisation of the lifestyle as a construct of a diseased individual based (not only) on his/her perception of the reality of everyday events, made it possible to take advantage of using a specific method of the qualitative approach. It is based on the methodological triangulation and employs three techniques of the data collection as follows: the life curve and life story, the Cantril...
Constipation as a nursing problem, its diagnosis and possibilities of affecting this conditionNursing - Review
Brigita Janečková, Zdena Třísková
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):315-330 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.034
The authors present a detailed outline of contemporary opinions concerning constipation, causes and diagnostic importance of this symptom. In terms of functional constipation, they deal with the importance of this independent - not organic - disease of the gastrointestinal tract. They present a detailed description of the nursing process and nursing interventions necessary. The importance of the physiological attitude to the constipation as a nursing problem is emphasized and documented. The work presents an outline of suitable and careful interventions. In the part "non-pharmacological treatment", the possibility of the use of dietary fibres, probiotics,...
Selected aspects of the quality of life of seniors from the questionnaire WHOQOL-OLD - death, dying and close relationshipsHealth and Social Sciences - Original article
Dagmar Dvořáčková, Alena Kajanová
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):331-339 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.035
The article presents partial results of a research project focused on subjective perceiving of the quality of life of seniors in seniors' homes. The data were accumulated with the help of the World Health Organization standardized questionnaire - WHOQOL-OLD. The questions in this questionnaire are divided into six areas (domains) delimiting aspects of the quality of life. The text presented here shows selected results of the research associated with the domains death and dying and close relationships.The research group (N1 = 156) included seniors from seniors' homes in the South-Bohemian Region, who were aged above 60 years, willing to cooperate...
How to compensate families for the VAT unification: to reduce tax in employed people or to increase allowances in the poorest ones?Health and Social Sciences - Review
Petr Janský, Klára Kalíšková
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):340-352 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.036
Social and tax policies in the Czech Republic are interconnected in a number of dimensions including the redistribution and thus, they considerably participate in the measure of the redistribution. In the article presented here, we analyze particular interactions between social and tax policies with a regard to changes in the measure of the redistribution and with putting emphasize on planned changes in the value added tax (VAT) and policies aimed at supporting families and children. In the main part of the article, we estimate impacts of compensations for the VAT unification in families with children to be of 17.5% and evaluate an increase in the...
Adaptation process in ecological perspective of seniorsHealth and Social Sciences - Original article
Jana Levická
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):353-361 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.037
Based on the ecological perspective, we can understand sudden changes in the health condition and associated requirements for position in the year-round inclusion of seniors as a situation, in which all the three causes are accumulated referred to by authors as possible reasons for the maladaptation (Germain, Bloom, 1991; Germain, Gitterman, 2011). The examination of effects on the client due to this cluster of causes is tedious, but it is unavoidable. Within the framework of a specific research 5/2011 "Process of adaptation of seniors to their life under the institutional care", I attempted to acquire data which could make it possible not only to...
Parents' awareness of children rightsHealth and Social Sciences - Original article
Jana Stejskalová
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):362-368 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.038
The article acquaints the reader with the theme of the parents' awareness of children rights in the sense of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The article describes a research, in which parents of children attending the primary school answered questions related to the theme of children rights - whether they have participated in activities associated with this theme and how they implement rights of children in certain model situations. The parents expressed the measure of satisfaction with the child education and with possibilities of the cultural and sport enjoyment at their place of residence too. In addition, the article brings a comparison...
New synthetic cannabinoids are coming to the drug sceneBiomedicine - Review
Jiří Patočka, Kamil Kuča
Kontakt 2012, 14(3):369-377 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2012.039
On internet and in specialized shops, certain herbaceous mixtures marked "spices" or "spice drugs" have already been sold since 2004. The mixtures are advertised as exotic mixture of incense releasing rich aroma. Some users smoking these mixtures feel similar effects as after the hemp. The "spice drugs" enjoy great interest in the drug scene, since they offer a legal possibility of acquiring hemp substitutes. Forensic analyses demonstrated that in certain species of "spice drugs", there are synthetic cannabinoids, strong agonists of cannabinoid receptors, as e.g. JWH-018, JWH-073, CP 47,497 and HU-210. These drugs are technically quite legal and are...