Kontakt, 2007 (vol. 9), issue 1
Creative readingEditorial
Ivan Dylevský
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):5 
Prof. Dr. Karel ChodounskýEditorial
Josef Dolista
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):7
Analýza vývoje finančních prostředků institucionální podpory specifického výzkumu, projektů vědy a výzkumu a ostatních projektů tvůrčí činnosti na ZSF JU v Českých Budějovicích v letech 2004-2006
Jana Samková, Leoš Navrátil
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):9-16 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.003
Survey of the attitude of nurses to current changes in the nursing practiceNursing
Ivica Gulášová, Beáta Jurčáková
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):17-31 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.004
The authors present results of a survey aimed at the identification of the attitude of nurses to the currently occurring process of the implementation of changes in the nursing practice with a special emphasize put onto the approach of the nurses to the nursing process. Questionnaires were used as the main tool in this investigation. Based on 26 items of the questionnaire, the authors determined subject areas within the scope considered. The questionnaire was designed for nurses working at departments of hospitals in Bratislava and surroundings of the capital city. The authors established one principal target and partial targets. They identified eight...
Ethical reflection of problems of the home nursing care in the Slovak RepublicNursing
Mária Nemčeková, Mária Tabaková
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):32-41 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.005
The work is targeted at ethical reflection of providing the home nursing care in the Slovak Republic.Methods: analytical and synthetic reasoning procedures and a comparative analysis of legislative documents were used in the explanation of the problem studied.The authors critically indicate moral consequences resulting from legislative, organizational and economical conditions of providing this type of the care in the Slovak Republic. They emphasize the fact that the methodological and organizational superiority of physicians and insurance companies involves a certain discrimination of the nursing profession, nurses, patients and families,...
Personal assistance as a way to philosophy of independent lifeNursing
Beáta Balogová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):42-53 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.006
The topic of the present contribution, which is aimed at public information in the field of the integration of handicapped persons into the life of the society, was formulated based on the General Declaration of Human Rights: The integration, as a tool serving the philosophy of independent life through the mediation of taking the advantage of the personal assistance. The principal method was the analysis of contemporary conditions and legal provisions forming the prerequisite for this independence. The wording of the "Law on the social assistance" No. 195/1998 Z. z. indicates that providing of the social assistance for the handicapped people is becoming...
An alternative approach to taking acute care of psychiatric patients: residential facilitiesNursing
Andrea Scheansová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):54-64 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.007
The target of the present contribution is to inform the reader on a model of taking the alternative acute care of patients with mental diseases. This is a project of residential facilities, which form a transition between the hospital care and case work. These facilities occur in North America and Western Europe, thus successfully reducing numbers of hospitalised patients. In the work presented here, the importance of the institutional treatment is first reminded. The theoretical concept of the alternative acute psychiatric care is described with presenting three cases of residential facilities, which are effectively functioning in practice. Advantages...
Respecting of autonomy in taking long-term care of seniorsNursing
Radka Bužgová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):65-69 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.008
The article deals with an important ethical principle in taking the health and social care of seniors: respecting of the autonomy. The purpose of the work presented here is to point out the endangerment of seniors in different areas of their lives and possibilities of supporting their autonomous behaviour by members of health and social services. In the first part of the article, the concept of the autonomy and the ethical principle of respecting the autonomy are explained. The concept of the autonomy is frequently combined with the self-respect, dignity and participation. The following two components of the autonomy are recognized: "autonomous decisions"...
Special education of paediatric nurses - assessment of surveyNursing
Jaroslava Fendrychová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):70-77 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.009
The communication deals with a survey of motivations and opinions of paediatric nurses working at intensive care units, who applied for the special education in the ARIP programme (anaesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive care in paediatrics). The target of the project was to acquire data from nurses, who have just completed this type of study. The author searched for questions, what their expectations were and whether they were fulfilled, if they familiarized their colleagues with knowledge acquired in the course of the study, how their knowledge was accepted and also whether physicians were interested in their study. The intention of the author...
Ethische Aspekte der PhysiotherapieHealth and Social Sciences
Helmut Renöckl
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):78-86 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.010
Heilende Berufe und Ethik haben gemeinsame Ziele: Bei aller notwendigen Spezialisierung muss immer der ganze Mensch und sein Kontext im Blick sein. Physiotherapie ist stark auf körperliche Funktionen ausgerichtet, wobei zunehmend die Zusammenhänge zwischen muskulären, stützenden und steuernden Systemen beachtet werden. Darüber hinaus ist zu bedenken, dass der Leib und seine Potentiale nichts bloß Äußerliches, sondern eine integrale Dimension jedes Menschen darstellen, dass sich zwischen Leib, Geist und Seele wechselseitig komplexe Interaktionen vollziehen. Physiotherapeuten greifen Heilung suchende Menschen an. Es gibt heilendes, nutzloses und übergriffiges...
Importance of sport in the life of handicapped peopleHealth and Social Sciences
Magdalena Čapková
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):87-93 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.011
Sport becomes a common activity in people with health involvements. The popularity of the top sport of handicapped people is currently being increased. However, the importance of sport activities of handicapped people at lower performance levels is not yet sufficiently estimated, which particularly concerns the recreational sport. In 2003, in České Budějovice, an examination based on questionnaires was performed with the aim of mapping the importance and benefits of sport activities in persons with health involvements. Within the survey, persons with health involvements (of the body or senses or with combined handicaps) were questioned and divided...
History, current position and possibilities of taking advantage of sport activity in persons with locomotor handicapsHealth and Social Sciences
Jan Kálal
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):94-101 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.012
At the time being, sport is a matter of interest of the society as a whole. Health and social services, economical institutions, state administration and a number of social organizations participate in this activity. The level of handicap sport in a country documents the degree of its cultural and social advancement. The origination of the sport of persons with involvements of the locomotor apparatus can be traced in institutes providing the subsequent care (currently referred to as rehabilitation) in the era of the World War II. Providing of the locomotor function in these patients was the primary task. It was necessary to recover the balance of the...
Problem of the modification of the human nature in context of genetic engineeringHealth and Social Sciences
Jekatěrina Ignatěva Gnatik
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):102-111 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.013
Coming changes in the way of the human existence bring qualitative modifications of the system of the human consciousness. There are reasons for an assumption that at the contemporary stage of the development of natural sciences, an era will come, in which man can humble himself. Thus, the object of the purposeful transformation will be not the external nature but the nature of man, i. e. the natural-biological basis of the human life activity. The consequence of this will be a new dimension of the discipline referred to as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering of man principally alters the basic relationship between the subject and object, forming...
Hospice care from the point of view of clientsHealth and Social Sciences
Petra Zimmelová, Jana Skalská
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):112-118 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.014
The target of the present research was finding as large benefit of the hospice care to their clients as possible. The research was implemented by the form of a qualitative survey, by the method of interviewing. The group included 8 clients of two Czech hospices. The results indicated that the personal approach of hospices is the largest benefit to the clients. Seven of eight clients expressed positive differences in the attitude of the hospice personnel to them and their families compared with the personnel in the other health facilities. They are completely satisfied with the care received from the nurses. The humane attitude, patience, kindness,...
Criminal and criminological aspects of extremismHealth and Social Sciences
Roman Bláha, Milan Kučera ml., Milan Kučera st.
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):119-136 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.015
In the modern world including the home environment, problems of the extremism are becoming serious, complex and frequent. The society is being ever more confronted with actual manifestations of the extremism and it is forced to define its standpoints, methods of the response and consequences of these processes. The article deals with criminal and criminological aspects of extremist movements in the Czech Republic and it describes the principle of the phenomenon, structure of extremist activities, form of their topical manifestation, and development tendencies of these problematic activities. The authors strive after a complex summarization of all the...
Effects of social support on the risk behaviour of adolescentsHealth and Social Sciences
Marie Marková
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):137-140 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.016
The purpose of the present outline is to point out the risk behaviour of the young people in association with their health condition and function of the family, which provides the most important social support of the individual. It defines the main areas of the risk behaviour in the form of abuse of addictive substances, anti-social behaviour and risk behaviour in the field of the reproduction. It analyses the role of the family environment in the prevention of the risk behaviour of adolescents from the viewpoint of the World Health Organisation. It quotes reviews aimed at the social support of the family and lists certain risk factors affecting for...
Children in sectsHealth and Social Sciences
Dagmar Roučková, Josef Dolista
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):141-146 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.017
There may be very diverse reasons for joining sects. Regardless of the motivation for doing so, people make this decision based on their free will. However, this does not apply to children born within the sect, who are submitted to the life order of the religious community. In the present contribution, the author considered by way of particular examples of certain new alternative religions, what can be the negative effects involving children living in this environment. In this respect, it is necessary to take into account a considerable differentiation between particular alternative religious communities. We can encounter very different attitudes....
Permanently sustainable development and napkinsHealth and Social Sciences
Věra Soukupová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):147-154 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.018
The article deals with napkins. The napkins are not only described, but also evaluated and compared; certain hidden risks existing in this field are also revealed. It indicates changes on the Czech market after 1989: mass purchasing of disposable napkins and decrease in using washed napkins. The situation is compared with foreign experience, particularly from Great Britain, Austria and Slovakia. It presents data on the ever growing popularity of modern napkin systems and ever growing offer. It informs on materials used in their manufacture. It unifies the "napkin terminology": types of napkins, napkin pants, (pant) napkins and rich napkin auxiliaries....
Nová možnost prevence karcinomu děložního hrdlaBiomedicine
Karel Blažek
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):155-156 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.019
Koreferát k článku Karla Blažka "Nová možnost prevence karcinomu děložního hrdla"Biomedicine
Jaroslav Horáček
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):156 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.020
Importance of immunohistochemical examination in cervical precancerosesBiomedicine
Jana Vaculová, Jaroslav Horáček, Petra Bystroňová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):157-163 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.021
Problems of cervical dysplasias and neoplasias are a frequently discussed topic at health and social levels. Cervical carcinoma is the second most important cause of the death due to cancer diseases in women next to the mammary carcinoma throughout the world and the main cause of the death for cancer diseases in women living in developing countries. The origination of cervical carcinoma is a complex multi-step process preceded by a many-year stage of precanceroses of different degrees of their severity. The precancerous cervical lesions are mostly asymptomatic and their presence can be revealed by the cytological or histological examination only. The...
Problems of metabolic syndromeBiomedicine
Věra Adámková
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):164-167 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.022
The concept of metabolic syndrome (MS) is frequently being ever more encountered in the special literature and this is unfortunately a problem of the actual need and not of fashion trends.The occurrence of this disease has been increasing in the recent years in industrially developed countries at extremely rapid rate and it becomes a focus of interest in a number of medical disciplines, such as endocrinology, diabetology, obesitology, preventive cardiology, etc.Based on the examination of a 1% randomised sample of the Czech population of 25 to 64 years of age, metabolic syndrome was found in 25% of women and 32% of men in 2001.Metabolic...
Effects of nutrition on the origination of diabetes in childrenBiomedicine
Zdeňka Tomšíková, česká pracovní skupina studie TRIGR
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):168-171 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.023
The incidence of the first type diabetes is ever increasing during the recent years. First type diabetes mellitus (DM) is currently the second most frequent chronic children disease in developed countries. The research in the field of diabetes demonstrated in recent years that nutrition can affect the risk of the diabetes origination in children. In experimental studies on animals, predisposing effects of the presence of cow milk proteins in the food for the diabetes development was demonstrated. A number of scientists believe that the early load of the immunity system with cow milk proteins present in the nutrition of infants can trigger and/or amplify...
Current condition of supplying the Czech population with iodineBiomedicine
Kvetoslava Kotrbová, Markéta Kastnerová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):172-178 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.024
Iodine is a trace element, whose principal function in the human body is its participation in the production of thyroid hormones triiodthyronine and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones affect and regulate the basal metabolism intensity in a decisive manner. Iodine insufficiency can result in decreased secretion of thyroid hormones, hypothyreosis, which is a source of numerous health problems. The manifestation of the iodine insufficiency is endemic struma - thyroid gland hypertrophy. In contrast to this, iodine excess leads to an elevated secretion of thyroid hormones, hyperthyreosis. This can result in a development of autoimmunity thyreopathies. Our country...
Buprenorphine: medicine or drug?Biomedicine
Petr Procházka
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):179-182 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.025
The work presented here summarizes available information on buprenorphine. The main purpose is to indicate the danger and risks resulting from the use of this medicine. The substance is currently being used as a replacement medicine in the treatment of the dependence on heroin. Like methadone, buprenorphine is also able to displace opiates from receptors. Buprenorphine belongs to so called opioid analgesics. It is an agonist of μ-receptors and antagonist of κ-receptors. If administered at high doses after pure opioid-agonists, such as heroin, antagonist effects can originate. Therefore, the agonist effect is diminished or abolished. It is...
Sto let od objevu Alzheimerovy chorobyPopularizace vědy
Bohumír Plucar, Jiří Patočka
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):183-184 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.026
Nový kmen tuberkulózyPopularizace vědy
Jiří Patočka, Bohumír Plucar
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):185 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.027
Etická pravidla pro robotyPopularizace vědy
Jiří Patočka
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):185-186 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.028
Quo vadis, medicínska etika?Varia
Libuša Radková, Ladislav Šoltés, Marta Vaverčáková, Mária Gažiová
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):187-189 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.029
Práva a zodpovednosťVaria
Libuša Radková, Mária Gažiová, Marta Vaverčáková
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):190-191 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.030
Recenze na knihyReviews
Jan Vitoň
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):192-193
ZprávyNews
Kuna P., Zolzer F., Macháčková J., Tušková M., Záleská V., Eisertová J., Tichá V., Prouza D., Eisertová J., Kastnerová M., Kotrbová K., Pešek R., Kuna P., Singer J., Rejhová R., Ročňová J., Soukupová V., Hála J., Vlášková L., Ramešová M., Dolista J.
Kontakt 2007, 9(1):194-211 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.032