Kontakt, 2008 (vol. 10), issue 1

Čtyřicet let od okupace vojsk Varšavské smlouvy Československé republikyEditorial

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):5  

Examination of the level of preventive provisions against the origination of nosocomial infections in facilities of the secondary health careNursing

Ivica Gulášová, Ildikó Benczeová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):7-18 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.002  

Nosocomial infections are a severe sanitary-epidemiological, medical, nursing, ethic, economic and legal problem. The contribution shows results of a survey aimed at determining the level of adhering to sanitary-epidemiological provisions in the sense of the prevention of nosocomial infections in secondary care facilities with a particular interest in the evaluation of the level of knowledge and information of nurses in the field of adhering to aseptic principles and level of adhering to sanitary-epidemiological principles at the department, evaluation of the level of utilization of the nurse theoretical knowledge in the nosocomial infection prevention...

Evaluation of the efficacy of education of patients in self-management of diabetes mellitusNursing

Elena Gurkova, Katarína Žiaková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):19-31 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.003  

The change in performing activities concerning the self-management of diabetes mellitus depending on the method and course of educational interventions represents an important parameter of the therapeutic value of education which is, however, not evaluated in practice. The purpose of the present work was to specify differences in activities with respect to diabetes self-management among patients on intensified insulin regimens depending on completing a structured educational programme in the National Endocrinological and Diabetological Institute in L'ubochňa. A further purpose of the work was to establish the effect of the implementation of the activities...

Health care as one of subjects of critical infrastructure in the Czech RepublicNursing

Jaroslava Kaňková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):32-37 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.004  

The contribution first elucidates the concept of the critical infrastructure. The problem of the critical infrastructure is reflected in the compilation of crisis plans. The protection of the critical infrastructure is implemented by technical, personal and organisational measures aimed at preventing failures of the function of critical infrastructure and enhancement of the resistance of subjects against these failures and at possible alternative solution for solving actual failures of the function. The contribution is particularly focused on one of subjects of the critical infrastructure, which is the health care. The health care is a system of the...

Midwifery in the Czech RepublicNursing

Věra Vránová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):38-44 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.005  

The profession of midwives is as old as the human being history. As soon as in the Old Testament, we can meet a description of practice of Egyptian women and Jewish women, who assisted the women in labour.The training and education of women being prepared for the profession of midwife was affected and is being affected by many social effects (as e. g. religion, culture, politics, economic effects, development of medicine, knowledge in the field of pedagogy and many others.The moment of the birth is undoubtedly the most important event in the human life, and it is an experience of big happiness for the whole time of the human being existence,...

Taking midwifery care of a client from the Chinese communityNursing

Adriana Repková, Hana Padyšáková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):45-51 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.006  

Trans-cultural aspects should be specified to provide the midwifery care for a client from the Chinese community. Respecting and subsequent satisfying needs of a woman in context with specific features of cultural differences is of importance for the physiological course of the delivery. At the stage of the consideration of the woman condition by the midwife, the Madeleine Leininger model is applied. It specifies requirements for procedural care provided by the midwife in dimensions of the trans-cultural aspects. The solution of most frequent diagnoses in midwifery in the course of delivery in a client who belongs to the Chinese community is proposed...

Hospice - alternative taking care of terminally diseased and dying peopleNursing

Monika Naďová, Veronika Likavčanová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):52-61 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.007  

In their contribution, the authors intend to point out the philosophy of hospices and emphasize the method of taking care providing saving of the human dignity for dying persons. The hospice is a place, which is considered as the last place in the life of incurably diseased and dying people. It helps them to live as long as possible and in the most quality way with feelings of hope till the last moment. Taking care of terminally diseased patients, dying people and their family members is a tedious work calling for a complex attitude. The most effective solution is just the hospice and hospice care. The hospice care is currently being provided by the...

Concept of person in philosophical anthropologyHealth and Social Sciences

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):62-67 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.008  

The author of the article starts from the historical aspect of the concept of person in philosophy. He analyzes works of the authors quoted in the text and indicates the fact that the philosophical concept of person leads human lives to the society, whereas strong emphasizing of the individualism leads to an atomized way of living. Over recent years, people intensively search for the value and meaning of the life. Only humans present these questions concerning their own existence and search for themselves as objects of observation and investigation. The cognition of people concerning themselves leads to the question "who I am"? Man intends to know...

Change in the family social situation in association with birth of a childHealth and Social Sciences

Jitka Macháčková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):68-71 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.009  

Changes in the family life and its social and economic conditions can be currently observed, which exert principal effects on the demographic development. These conditions have subsequently adverse effects on the foundation of families. The motherhood and parenthood is a generally expected part of the human life and is associated with the period of maturity in the sense of the life contents and life tasks. The decision to have a child is currently quite not simple and social conditions and financial support of the family play important roles in considering the planned parenthood. The purpose of the research work was to find what social and economical...

Genetic information on man: legal problemsHealth and Social Sciences

Gnatik Jekatěrina Nikolajevna

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):72-78 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.010  

Results of genetic studies are applied in practical human medicine without appropriate legal protection. There is no legal framework for the use of results of biotechnology research, particularly in pharmaceutical biotechnology.No legally binding limit of the genetic information confidentiality has been established.It is desirable to provide a legal framework of a human "genetic passport". The genetic passport may be defined as a set of data on genetic characteristics of its owner.There is quite insufficient protection of givers of tissues and organs, and rights of people in long-term unconsciousness at intensive care units are also protected...

Opinions concerning euthanasia in students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and Agricultural Faculty of the University of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceHealth and Social Sciences

David Urban, Alena Kajanová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):79-84 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.011  

The article presented here considers in its theoretical part the problem of euthanasia. It indicates the current condition of prevalent attitudes of the western society to the death in terms of the depersonalisation and taboos. On the one hand, it reflects the attitude and medical consideration of the death, where the human life is being extended thanks to the technical advances in science and technology. On the other hand, voices calling for "worthy termination of the human life" are being considerably increased in number.In its first part, the article considers the description of the situation of and attitude to the euthanasia in the Netherlands,...

Evaluation of health by adolescentsHealth and Social Sciences

Blandína Šramová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):85-89 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.012  

The contribution deals with the analysis of the subjective importance of the health of adolescents. The authors present results of a cross-sectional research based on a group of 350 Slovak adolescents (162 boys and 188 girls). The target: to identify dominant areas to be considered in the compilation of a teaching subject focused on the education of an adolescent personality for health based on a subjective survival of concepts associated with the health. Methods: Semantic sample (V. Doležal). Results: In the consideration of terms associated with the health, the adolescents select six principal factors as follows: social support, distress, family...

Education of children with mental handicaps with a special respect to South-Bohemian regionHealth and Social Sciences

Eva Líbenková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):90-95 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.013  

The right of education is one of principal human rights and it should concern all the citizens of our country without exemptions. Till recent time, this right was considerably restricted if not directly denied to certain citizens, particularly children with mental handicaps. Children with severe handicaps were frequently set free of the obligatory school education and the parents were recommended to situate these children into institutions, and children with mild types of mental handicaps attended special schools. Considerable changes in the special school system were encountered over time and in the school system in general and the way to education...

Employment as one of ways of integrating handicapped citizensHealth and Social Sciences

František Radi

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):96-104 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.014  

The ability to work and to provide and maintain employment is a central dimension of the active citizenship at an individual level and the decisive condition for the economic competitiveness at the regional, national and supranational scale. Thus, experts consider employment as the most effective prevention of the social exclusion.In the theoretical part of the article, the author considers the employment, creative human activity and its importance for man and society. He furthermore describes mental consequences of unemployment, which occur in the form of growing mental problems - insomnia, excitation, depression. Stress situations associated...

Communication parameters in the work of laboratory technicianHealth and Social Sciences

Růžena Bergerová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):105-111 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.015  

It is important for each participant to exhibit not only good professional skills but also good communication skills. However, basic communication skills are often not taught at all at the level of high school, or at best very little. As a result, the Universities in Czech Republic have recently started to address this problem by introducing more practical courses aimed at communication. One such course, aimed at laboratory technicians, is also being developed at the Faculty of Health and Social sciences in Ceske Budejovice. Professional communication of laboratory technician includes three aspects: communication with external professional world, communication...

Human factor - a concealed source of wealth and prosperity in healthcare companiesHealth and Social Sciences

Ilona Lískovcová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):112-116 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.016  

The target of the work was determination of the satisfaction of employees of health facilities, effects of their satisfaction on economic results of the company and furthermore relationships and attitudes of employees, i. e. healthcare professionals, to adhering to standards, professionalism and education. Methods of inquiring, dialogues with selected respondents, observation and data analysis were used. This was a quantitative research. Three anonymous questionnaires were arranged as follows: No. 1 - questionnaire of the satisfaction with the occupation, No. 2 - questionnaire comparing wishes of employees with the measure of their satisfying on the...

Activities of the self-help organization Roska helping patients with multiple sclerosis from the viewpoint of its membersHealth and Social Sciences

Zuzana Knoflíčková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):117-124 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.017  

Multiple sclerosis (henceforth "MS") is a medically and socially serious disease, which is not rare and which causes disability depending on the nature of the mobility involvement. It causes a number of medical, psychical and social problems affecting each other, which in their consequences depreciate the quality of the patient life.The patient, due to his/her health condition, is already not able to live as actively as before. He/she is isolated from the society, unsure, withdrawn, loses friends and family and partner problems can be associated in most cases. These problems are unfortunately quite not unique. The reasons for this social isolation...

Importance of training of volunteers in the health - social sphereHealth and Social Sciences

Bohdana Břízová, Šárka Koubová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):125-132 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.018  

The target of the work is a quantitative evaluation of the importance of the training of volunteers for the voluntary activity in different volunteer programmes in the health and social sphere.The following methods of the data accumulation were employed for the quantitative research: controlled dialogue and questionnaire. Volunteers and coordinators of volunteer programmes implemented in the health and social sphere were included into the group monitored. The data required indicated that coordinators of the volunteer programme consider the training of volunteers as necessary for the performance of the volunteer activity and as the most important...

Economic consequences of natural disastersHealth and Social Sciences

Jaroslav Slepecký, Jozef Ristvej, Alexander Kelíšek

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):133-139 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.019  

The mathematician and physicist B. Pascal compared in his days human knowledge to a sphere, which escalates its surface area with the development of knowledge, thus ever extending the limit with the unknown, which calls for a solution of further, typically serious problems. The third millennium opens before man unexpected possibilities in the field of science and technology and new revolutionary discoveries. However, on the other hand, the human being is facing complex problems of the protection against effects of natural disasters, growing global terrorism, social - economic consequences of financial crises, extensive accounting frauds and, last but...

The concept of SEIQoL as a tool for the assesment of the quality of lifeHealth and Social Sciences

Marek Zeman

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):140-149 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.020  

This work is focused on a research concept of SEIQoL (The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life), i. e. on a programme of the evaluation of individually understood quality of life. In the introduction, it attempts to delimit or define the concept of the quality of life and elucidate general approaches to the evaluation of the quality of life in terms of psychology, sociology and medicine. It informs on principal conceptual proposals of the SEIQoL concept, i. e. on the individual approach to the evaluation, specification of five most important areas of life (life targets) in respondents together with percent measure of the satisfaction...

Prosocial behaviour in helping professionsHealth and Social Sciences

Helena Záškodná, Alina Kubicová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):150-158 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.021  

The contribution deals with objective characteristics of helping professionals with respect to requirements resulting from their professional social role expressed in terms of the pro-social behaviour. It resumes the process of social and cultural cases occurring in the development of the practice of a number of helping professions in the last decades. It delimits the helping professions including the concept of the pro-social behaviour within their framework. It analyzes professional competences thanks to which it is to a certain extent possible to predict whether somebody will be successful or unsuccessful in a certain profession. It presents the...

Social support provided for handicapped pupils in their switch from school environment to occupational environmentHealth and Social Sciences

Vladimíra Nechvátalová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):159-162 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.022  

Agencies for supported employment observe clients with mental involvements with a complex of services focused on supporting pupils with special means during the switch from school environment to occupational environment. In the present article, the author tries to describe factors affecting the choice of the occupation in pupils with health involvements and to analyze factors affecting successful activities of the pupils and the working site within the framework of the school practice. Based on an analysis performed, she established the optimum type of supporting pupils with health involvements during the switch to the new environment. A qualitative...

Quality of life in terms of components determining the health in Romany populationHealth and Social Sciences

Eva Davidová, Markéta Elichová, Jitka Dvořáková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):163-171 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.023  

The complex nature of the social position of the Romany minority within the majority society and many problems associated with changes in the life style and components determining the health calls for their deeper knowledge and for finding further ways of possible solution. In association with this, the University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Health and Social Studies was assigned a project of the Czech Grant Agency "Quality of life, average and healthy length of life in terms of components determining the health in Romany population in the Czech and Slovak Republic", to be solved in 2007 - 2009. PhDr. Eva Davidová, CSc is the principal investigator.The...

Importance of religiosity and spirituality in old ageHealth and Social Sciences

Zuzana Knoflíčková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):172-177 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.024  

The spiritual dimension is of principal importance for man. It is a support, which is not lost, even if certain external possibilities are removed from the life. It is a part of the human existence and it is a potential, which can be developed and also altered in the course of the human life in different ways. It can be helpful in searching for the meaning of the life and it makes possible structuring of particular life stages.In old age, when many life values are lost, the condition of the God existence is of importance since it provides an anchorage, which is not associated with the time of the physical life only. The belief in God provides elderly...

Marriage in the viewpoint of the Walter Kasper's philosophic anthropologyHealth and Social Sciences

Petr Piler, Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):178-183 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.025  

The marriage is the most universal form of human relationships. It includes personalities of both partners in all the dimensions.Man currently searches for new forms of living together and coexistence. The marriage is ever the best form of partner relationships and the family is the best environment for upbringing of the new generation. Just these principal relationships must most frequently step aside due to a career and living standard, or are disintegrated for immaturity and for other reasons. A phenomenon of postponing the maternity is currently very frequent. The number of women, who experience their first maternity after 35 years of their...

Effects of movements of lower extremities on the hip joint formation and femur torsion developmentBiomedicine

Novotná Jitka, Frei Robert, Zahálka František, Dylevský Ivan

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):184-193 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.026  

Physiological processes as well as the formation of bones and joints, remodelling and angiogenesis are considerably affected by mechanical factors. The growths cartilage cell population is much more sensitive to immobilization compared with periostal osteoblasts. Many researchers emphasize the importance of the muscular activity and embryonic movements of lower extremities for the physiological skeletal growth and development. However, no clear explanation has been presented. It was observed, that the dynamic motion is important for the formation of the joint cotyle and that the static force contributes to maintaining of the already formed cotyle....

Centre of Prevention of Civilization DiseasesBiomedicine

Lenka Šedová, Vlasta Koudelková, Věra Adámková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):194-199 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.027  

The work comprises results of two-year activities of the Centre of Prevention of Civilization Diseases at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies, The University of South Bohemia. The centre is a shared facility of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and company Danone. Services offered in the centre free of charge for citizens of the South-Bohemian region, are arranged to be in agreement with topical needs of the primary and secondary prevention in the field of civilization diseases. In the centre, the following care is offered free of charge: measurements of cholesterol, blood pressure, pulse rate, glycaemia, BMI and lipids and furthermore...

Prevention of the production of T-2 toxin and methods of minimizing its toxic effectsBiomedicine

Vlastimil Dohnal, Alena Ježková, Kamil Kuča, Daniel Jun

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):200-208 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.028  

T-2 toxin is the most toxic member of the group of trichothecene mycotoxins. Its ingestion with food results in a number of diseases. The reduction of its contents in food or forage is of importance for health reasons. The incidence can be reduced by preventive provisions against the infestation of plants and growth of moulds as well as by its degradation to less toxic products. Most effective steps include adhering to principles of the good agricultural practice, which helps the production of non-harmful foodstuff raw materials. This chapter can include suitable agricultural technology provisions, choice of resistant varieties of crops and chemical...

Technique of training of conscious alertness in health and diseaseBiomedicine

Petr Zach, Jana Mrzílková

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):209-213 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.029  

The technique of training of the conscious alertness aimed at breathing is meeting ever wider interest thanks to a possibility of affecting basic functions of the organism in health and disease in a relatively cheap manner compared with classical pharmacological interventions. The starting point is an adaptation of an ancient technique of meditation (shamatha) into the environment of the western civilization in the form of MBSR (mindfulness-based stress reduction). If the patient meets with success in adhering to the discipline of the daily exercise, structures of the conscious alertness are changed after shorter or longer periods in the sense of its...

A contribution to the history of radiobiology in Bohemia, Moravia and SlovakiaBiomedicine

Pavel Kuna, Leoš Navrátil, Milan Dostál

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):214-225 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.030  

The development of a non-homogeneous discipline such as radiobiology depends on requirements of different human activities: in medicine (radiological diagnostics, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, radiation hygiene, radiation protection, etc.); in military science there are problems of the use of explosions of nuclear weapons or use of radioisotopes in dirty bombs by terrorists and in the production of electric energy in nuclear power plants as one of many cases of using peaceful methods in industry and agriculture. From the beginning of investigation of X-rays till the present time, the radiobiological research was focused on effects of ionizing radiation...

Najdou magnólie uplatnění v moderní medicíně?Popularizace vědy

Jiří Patočka

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):226-228 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.031  

Pohanka jako funkční potravinaPopularizace vědy

Zdeněk Hon, Jiří Patočka

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):229-231 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.032  

Narovnání mezi vězněm a obětí trestného činu ve ŠvýcarskuVaria

Martin Vinzens, Jaroslav Hála

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):232-234 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.033  

Vývoj česko-anglicko-německo-rusko-slovenského on-line slovníku radiologie, toxikologie a krizového řízeníVaria

Zdeněk Hon, Friedo Zölzer, Leoš Navrátil, Jozef Rosina, Jiří Škopek, Ladislav Beránek

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):235-236 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.034  

Recenze na knihyReviews

Josef Dolista, Lenka Motlová, Jan Vitoň

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):237-241  

Tranzitní program ze školy do práceNews

Petra Odvářková, Vladimíra Nechvátalová

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):242 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2008.036  

K činnosti centra bioetiky ZSF JUNews

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2008, 10(1):243