Kontakt, 2006 (vol. 8), issue 1

Citační index a Burunduk sibiřskýEditorial

Ivan Dylevský

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):5  

EditorialEditorial

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):7  

Nursing as humanitarian scienceNursing

Jozef Novotný

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):9-17 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.003  

Nursing is not only a considerably tedious occupation. It is also a stimulating and pleasurable role combining the mastery of special actions with willingness to help people and to work in their favour. Combination of expert knowledge and skill in practice with deep altruism manifested in taking kind care of humans is a typical feature of current nursing.Particularly in the hectic present time of modern sophisticated technology, the nursing process is being extended and refined. Nursing, similarly as medicine, exert simultaneously features of science and art. Good nurse is a gift of God. She fulfils multiple functions and missions.Nursing,...

Nurses and researchNursing

Sylva Bártlová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):18-24 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.004  

In association with enhancing requirements for the quality of nursing activity and with growing requirements for the level of education of nurses, the need of participation of nurses in the nursing research is shown to be ever more urgent. The nursing care is still based rather on the managed standard procedures without sufficient use of results of foreign research. Thus, we were interested in a question concerning the extent and forms of the participation of nurses in the research work in practice. The purpose of the study was to describe the participation of Czech nurses in the scientific and research work and the prevalent type of the research,...

Methodological notes to problems of validation of nursing diagnosesNursing

Elena Holmanová, Katarína Žiaková, Juraj Čáp

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):25-30 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.005  

Research in the field of validation of nursing diagnoses included in the classification system NANDA International represents a process continuing for a period of over 30 years with a coordinated international cooperation. The terminology system NANDA International was also widely established in our country, mainly in the field of special publications, education curricula, etc. In the course of 15 years of its implementation under our conditions we can record a critical reflection related to the terminology vagueness as well as ambiguousness of diagnoses or diagnostic characters and tendencies to different modifications which restrict its meaningfulness...

Effects of professional relationships between physicians and nurses on taking care of patientsNursing

Sylva Bártlová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):31-35 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.006  

Relationships between the medical personnel, particularly between physicians and nurses are an important factor in providing the medical care. If an institution has sufficient number of members and optimum structure of the personnel and if there is a good communication and cooperation between the members, then it is possible to see considerable effects of these factors on providing the medical care and on its results. Unsuitable behaviour is one of most important factors, which affect the quality of relationships between the employees. The relationships between nurses and physicians belong to considerable and important aspects of the general atmosphere...

Problems of higher requirements in taking care of the Vietnamese minorityNursing

Valérie Tóthová, Gabriela Sedláková

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):36-43 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.007  

Searching for and satisfaction of the need of patients, which is altered in disease, belong to pillars of modern nursing practice. In providing high-quality nursing care, in each patient/client, it is also necessary to respect his/here ethnic and cultural values, opinions and habits associated with his/her health, however, also with providing the medical care. To be able to plan culturally differentiated care respecting holistic theory for patients/clients who belong to members of a certain minority group, we should know in detail their special features associated with satisfying their basic and higher needs.The purpose of the contribution is a...

Cognitive analysis of important factors of the therapeutic efficacy of the organization of Anonymous AlcoholicsNursing

Roman Pešek, Kvetoslava Kotrbová, Oto Masár, Vladimír Vurm

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):44-54 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.008  

The article deals with the self-help community of Anonymous Alcoholics (AA). In the first part of the communication, the definition of the community of the AA is presented, its history is briefly mentioned and the current state of the AA in the world, in the Czech Republic and in České Budějovice is outlined. Two frequently considered myths associated with the AA are questioned. The course of AA meetings is analyzed from the substantial and formal standpoints and several notes are presented concerning the basic program of the AA, based on twelve steps. The second part of the text deals with the rational analysis of certain main diagnostic recommendations,...

Phenomenon named spasticity and the most recent knowledge concerning its management in nursing careNursing

Petr Šifta

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):55-57 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.009  

One in thousand inhabitants of our planet suffers from spasticity. Interestingly, the price of the research and therapy of this syndrome has already been as high as 11.2 milliard dollars. Spasticity is frequently considered as a disease, but it is actually a syndrome accompanying a number of diseases and its cause is not easy to define. Due to this, characteristic manifestations are described or diseases are listed, which it occurs in. Spastic syndrome should be understood as a part of disorders resulting from a central lesion, which causes disorders of the mobility (paresis, plegia), pathological synergy, spastic dystonia and pathological hypertonia...

Changes of the life style in dialyzed patientsNursing

Ivica Gulášová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):58-65 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.010  

Information about renal disorder is not encouraging for any patient, especially if this is the case of irreversible impairment of the renal function. The author describes principal aspects of health and nursing care, which should be provided by the nurses and physicians in the course of the preparation of the patient for adopting a change of the life style as an unavoidable part of the complex treatment of a dialyzed patient. The author analyzes selected problems of the diet treatment, arrangement of the menu during the treatment by the dialysis, including control of the drinking regimen, control of the body weight, physical performance, working capacity...

Philosophy of social sciences, society and globalizationHealth and Social Sciences

Miroslav Sapík

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):66-71 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.011  

The contribution presented here offers principal information about the form of contemporary civilization, nature, causes and main subjects of the globalization process. Positive as well as negative consequences of the globalization process are assessed. The explanation is aimed at main problems induced by the globalization in all the currently existing relevant fields of the social life (economic, political, social and demographic). A special attention is paid to cultural consequences and to the escalation of environmental problems.The origination, development and social impacts of the globalization are considered. The globalization has extensive...

Attitudes of students towards suicideHealth and Social Sciences

Karel Pavlica

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):72-80 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.012  

Attitudes towards the suicide were varying in the past, provided that this phenomenon currently induces ambivalent reactions of the surrounding society, since this is a distraction of one's own life and life is a highly recognized value, but on the other hand this is an action of free choice, which should never be refused. From the standpoint of the motivation of suicidal behaviour, a discussion is being developed, what are principal causes of suicides and whether this is a matter of a free decision of an individual, pathological disorder of personality or possibly insufficient integration of an individual into social structures.In the exploration...

Integrating educational and teaching programs for children (and not only for them) with mild cerebral dysfunction and psychosocial problemsHealth and Social Sciences

Věra Soukupová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):81-88 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.013  

Sensory experience is one of principal tools for exploration of the surrounding world. In special pedagogy, multi-sensory action is even considered as one of the most important factors in the pedagogic therapy of handicapped persons (Zelinková 1997). Through the mediation of experience, it is possible to show the children beauties of the nature and to motivate them for the creation of their relationships to it - to learn them to love it. The created and offered educational program "We perceive the nature" by all our senses is one of possibilities of viewing this problem. It is based on experience and reformation pedagogy and alternative forms of education....

Flexible forms of employment in context with needs of persons taking care of other peopleHealth and Social Sciences

Hana Francová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):89-94 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.014  

Provisions of social policy should follow issues of the compatibility of the family and occupational life, for example through the mediation of the flexibility of hours of work, financial support for families and further tools of personal politics. The purpose of the present communication is to offer information on possibilities of concluding part time employment contracts and other forms of occupation with employers developing their activities in South-Bohemian region. Results of pilot exploration, which was performed by the techniques of questionnaires and non-standardized interviews, correspond to the very low frequency of these relationships and...

Personal computers and persons with poor sightHealth and Social Sciences

Radka Prázdná

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):95-98 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.015  

The text presents an outline of problems of computer art and communication technologies in association with persons with poor sight. The author divided the scope of the article into integral parts, which are also aimed at multidisciplinary issues. After general introduction of compensatory importance of communication technologies, the reader is familiarized with brief historical development in the field of interest. Further attention is paid to description of digital reading and touching devices. Possibilities are mentioned of taking advantage of the voice software, readers of graphic environments and Braillean peripheries. Wide possibilities of using...

Role of the father as a factor affecting the child developmentHealth and Social Sciences

Michaela Šimková, Adéla Kubičková

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):99-105 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.016  

The contemporary role of fathers may be understood as so called crisis of fathers due to the fact that the fathers have lost many things that formed their status. Roles fulfilled by father and mother in the child life are different, but this does not mean that either of them is more or less important. The smallest participation of fathers in taking care of children is characteristic for their earliest age. This participation is typically enhanced when the child starts walking and speaking. Their largest contribution to the child upbringing takes place in the child age up to 15 years. Numerous psychological investigations demonstrated that the period...

No more furry teddy bears! (Consideration of the development of activities of non-state, non-prophit organizations in taking care of children living in institutional facilities)Health and Social Sciences

Hana Pazlarová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):106-109 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.017  

The activity of the civic sector in the field of taking care of children living out of their own biological families has been considerably altered in the course of the last 15 years. From the initial satisfaction of material needs of children it was stepwise shifted to supporting free time and relaxation activities. In the future, these changes should make further progress to support new forms of the alternative family care, education of children in children's homes and particularly system changes in the preparation of taking care of children who are living in the children's homes. There is a considerable lack of programs aimed at these tasks, and...

Centre of educational care within the system of services provided under field conditionsHealth and Social Sciences

Zdeněk Slomek

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):110-111 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.018  

Centres of educational care within the net of school facilities are constituted as institutions with preventively educational, diagnostic and advisory activities. They are being established mainly at diagnostic institutes and they provide an important field of the contact with schools in solving important educational problems and offer services of the ambulatory, whole-day or boarding nature. They closely cooperate with authorities of the social-legal protection of health, they contact parents and they implement individual, group and familial therapeutic activities.

Chemical radioprotective substances: The past, the present and the futureBiomedicine

Pavel Kuna

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):112-122 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.019  

The development of nuclear weapons, growing consumption of electric energy produced by atomic power plants and their nuclear accidents, everyday radiotherapy of oncological patients and long-term flight of man into cosmic space are reasons for intensive radiobiological research. The main purpose is to find effective, non-toxic chemical compounds, which would be able to protect mammals against different types of postirradiation damage.

Chemical terrorismBiomedicine

Jiří Patočka, Kamil Kuča, Vlastimil Dohnal, Daniel Jun

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):123-127 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.020  

Chemical terrorism presents a new threat to the safety of the human being, which exceeds danger resulting from the use of modern firearms. Throughout the world, there is currently a danger resulting from possible use of radioactive materials, extremely toxic chemical substances and pathogenic microorganisms for terroristic purposes. Highly toxic chemical substances can reach terrorists hands from many sources. Types of chemical substances, which could be potentially misused, are discussed in the present article.

Dirty bombBiomedicine

Jaroslava Kaňková

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):128-132 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.021  

The dirty bomb is not a nuclear weapon, but a conventional bomb with explosive filling comprising radioactive material. It does not exert the destructive power of nuclear bombs and its explosion is not the case of a nuclear explosion. Dirty bombs can contain radioactive materials as e.g. 137Cs or other radionuclides. This bomb can spread radioactive material on large areas, thus causing external and internal contamination of persons, which may be even fatal.

Late complication after treatment of seminomaBiomedicine

Hana Šiffnerová, Dana Králová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):133-140 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.022  

The work is aimed at the occurrence of secondary malignities (duplicities) after the treatment for primary carcinoma of testes. The target of the work was to determine the number of secondary tumours, their effects on total survival and furthermore to compare relative risks of the origination of secondary tumours depending on particular treatment modalities.The group comprises 313 patients with carcinoma of testes, who were subjected to surgery in 1968 - 1998 with subsequent treatment by irradiation, chemotherapy or with the use of both modalities. Statistical methods included the assessment of relative risks (RR), Fisher test or c2-test, log-rank...

Narcotic analgesics in contemporary societyBiomedicine

Jan Tröstl, Jiří Patočka

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):141-145 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.023  

Narcotic analgesics of the group of opiates used as medicines in the presence of pains are characterized by the fact that they induce tolerance leading to necessary permanent escalation of doses required for achieving the analgesic effects. This is associated with side effects, such as central respiratory depression. There is a closely related phenomenon of physical dependence, which particularly occurs in the course of the withdrawal of heroin. In several recent years, our knowledge of the mechanism of the tolerance was essentially extended, but the final conclusion about the importance of single mechanisms studied under in vivo conditions remains unclear.

S-Zopiclone - a result of the "chiral rearrangement" strategyBiomedicine

Jiří Patočka, Aleš Dvořák

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):146-148 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.024  

Zopiclone, derivative of cyclopyrrolone, is a hypnotic agent with short-term action. It belongs to a more recent, so called third generation of hypnotics, but its pharmacological profile is similar to that of benzodiazepines. Zopiclone has one chirality centre in its molecule and it exists in two stereoisomeric forms, but only one of them, S-zopiclone, is characterized by its hypnotic efficacy. The S-enantiomer of zopiclone was recently recommended for registration in the USA as a new medicine in the treatment of insomnia and thus, it is an example of a further psychopharmaceutical, in which the chiral rearrangement was recently shown to be useful.

Is ecstasy a dangerous drug?Biomedicine

Polák Robert

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):149-153 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.025  

Ecstasy, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine) is a synthetic, psychoactive substance, chemically similar to the stimulant metamphetamine and hallucinogen mescaline. MDMA exerts its effects particularly in the brain or in neurons, which use serotonin for their communication with other neurons. The serotonin system plays an important role in the control of the mood, aggressivity, sexual activity, sleep and sensitivity to the pain. The research on animals demonstrated that MDMA exerts neurotoxic effects; the question, if this also holds for man is currently being intensively studied. MDMA can be dangerous and it also can rarely cause the death. In...

Bird influenzaBiomedicine

Kvetoslava Kotrbová, Markéta Kastnerová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):154-158 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.026  

In the course of recent years, the occurrence of a new subtype of the influenza A virus (H5N1), so called bird influenza, resulted in fear. First reports on the virus came from Italy, from the beginning of the last century. The virus was first isolated in South Africa in 1961. It first infected humans in Hong Kong in 1997. From the middle of 2003 it caused the largest and most severe infections of the poultry, and in December 2003, infections in people, who were in contact with sick birds, were recorded. Since then, the disease was demonstrated by laboratory diagnosis in over 100 patients in four Asian countries (Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam)...

Variola: Return of a real treat!Biomedicine

Marcela Gabajová

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):159-162 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.027  

Variola is a severe infectious disease, which is frequently fatal. There is no specific therapy and vaccination is the only protection. Variola is caused by the variola virus, which occurred in the human population as early as several thousands of years ago, however, the disease was eradicated thanks to the worldwide vaccination program. The virus was destroyed except controlled stocks in two laboratories. However, due to the events in September and October 2001, the interest in variola as a possible tool of bioterrorism was enhanced.

Local application of pelloidsBiomedicine

Simona Hájková, Leoš Navrátil, Renata Havránková

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):163-167 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.028  

In the communication presented, possibilities are shown of using local application of pelloids in diseases or functional disorders of the locomotor apparatus. In the present study, we considered the successfulness of the treatment with pelloids in patients with the diagnosis of vertebrogenic algic syndrome. The purpose of our study was consideration of effects of pelloids on therapeutic treatment and affecting of effects of pelloidotherapy in its concurrent use with pulsed magnetotherapy.

Podíl českých chemiků na rozvoji pozitronové emisní tomografiePopularizace vědy

Jiří Patočka

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):168 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.029  

K čemu je dobrá kyselina fytová?Popularizace vědy

Anna Strunecká, Jiří Patočka

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):169-170 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.030  

Recenze na knihyReviews

Dolista J., Dolista J., Tůma S., Tůma S., Motlová L., Novotný J., Vitoň J.

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):171-180  

PersonaliaPersonalia

Navrátil L., Poučková P., Kuna P.

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):181-182  

ReportsNews

Pavlík P., Jánský P., Zeithámová M., Machová A., Zach P., Kalinová V., Kavan Š., Hála J., Koudelková V., Navrátil L., Rosina J., Kuna P., Doskočil O.

Kontakt 2006, 8(1):183-200 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2006.033