Kontakt, 2005 (vol. 7), issue 3-4
Skepse a princip Occamovy břitvyEditorial
Ivan Dylevský
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):205 
Příběh čínského pacientaEditorial
Josef Dolista
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):207
Několik poznámek k věděEditorial
Miloš Velemínský
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):209
Clinical significance of therapeutic drug monitoring in pharmacotherapy rationalization and individualizationNursing
Jozef Novotný
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):211-218 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.043
The monitoring of drug levels has not only academic significance, but it also enables pharmacotherapy rationalization and protects the patient in case of high dose therapy often in the field of toxic doses that damage vital organs (kidney, heart, hematoporesis, mucous membranes etc.).Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is one of the means to increase safety and efficiency of pharmacotherapy, enabling dose adaptation to the individual patient. It is based on the possibility of fixing the drug concentration in biological liquids, most often in plasma or in urine, but also in saliva etc. TDM is a part of monitoring of treatment of chronically and critically...
Quality of life of patients after transplantation of haemopoietic cells: transversal, retrospective studyNursing
Ladislav Slováček, Birgita Slováčková
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):219-228 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.044
The transplantation of haemopoietic cells is a specific treatment method employed in the therapy of haematological malignant diseases and solid tumours, and also in the therapy of non-cancer diseases. The transplantation of haemopoietic cells, similarly as other treatment methods, affects the further course of the disease and thus also the quality of life of the patient. In the transversal study on 95 patients after the transplantation of haemopoietic cells at the Department of Clinical Haematology of the Second Medical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové, the quality of the life of the patients was studied. With the help of the method...
Several notes concerning the development and orientation of geriatric (gerontological) nursingNursing
Darja Jarošová, Yvetta Vrublová, Bohdana Dušová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):229-231 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.045
The contribution deals with the historical development of geriatric nursing under foreign as well as domestic conditions. It points out the still used imprecise terminology and describes three principal definitions of nursing elderly persons. It deals with the target and general scope of taking nursing care of elderly persons and with special education of nurses.
Institutional care and quality of life of elderly peopleNursing
Ivan Farský, Katarína Žiaková, Igor Ondrejka
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):232-238 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.046
The work is aimed at specific features of the quality of life of elderly people living in facilities of the institutional community care. The group included 60 persons (30 women, 30 men) of 74.1 ± 5.7 years of age. Of them, 30 persons lived in a boarding house and 30 persons lived in an old people house. Differences in the quality of their life, well-being, meaning of the life, type of involvement, gender, time of stay in the facility, evaluation of health condition, satisfaction with accommodation conditions and general satisfaction were determined depending on the type of care and gender. The quality of life was assessed by the PCASEE scale,...
Adaptation of patient to changed health condition and to hospitalizationNursing
Ivica Gulášová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):239-246 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.047
The author deals with the always relevant topic - adaptation mechanism of the patient to his or her changed health condition and to hospitalization, as one of the tasks that should constitute an integral part of psychological approach of a health care worker to the patient. The author alerts to the possibilities of positive or negative impact of health care workers to the patient's adaptation level. She analyzes the adaptation mechanism as a process, paying particular attention to the mechanisms of the patient's psychical adaptation. Further she describes the influence of anxiety and fear to the above mentioned process. In conclusion of her report...
Health care system and nursing in SloveniaNursing
Marija Bohnic, Darja Cibic
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):247-251 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.048
The authors describe the health system in Slovenia, a part of which is the place and priorities of nursing care, and at the same time they discuss education of nurses, the transformation of which took place after the change of the political system.Slovenia faces dilemmas and uncertainty in the development of health care but these do not differ from those encountered in most European countries. They include how to preserve health and social security in the light of a situation that will be marked by the problems of an ageing population, a related increase in chronic degenerative diseases, and growing needs and requirements for health care services....
Use of classification systems of nursing in patients with diagnosis of deliriumNursing
Gabriela Vörösová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):252-258 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.049
The work was aimed at experimental checking of selected sets of classification systems of nursing by NANDA (The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association), NIC (Nursing Interventions Classification), NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification), in patients with diagnosis of delirium, in which transient delirium occurred in the course of their hospitalization in the Faculty Hospital in Nitra, at the First Medical Clinic, Second Medical Clinic, Neurological Clinic and After-Treatment Department and in the Hospital with Polyclinic in Trenčín and Geriatric Department. Total of n = 250 patients were divided into experimental and control groups. Twenty-five...
Possible didactic methods in teaching nursing subjectsNursing
Marie Trešlová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):259-261 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.050
The contribution describes one of the possible didactic methods in teaching nursing. It highlights the contribution of active approach of students in teaching nursing subjects. It draws attention to the possibility of the use of experience learning in order to bring closer theory and practice. It indicates the possibility to attract-captivate the students for support, maintenance and expansion of the use of nursing process in practice and for its meaningfulness in theoretic teaching without frontal teaching.
Social rehabilitationHealth and Social Sciences
Jana Levická
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):262-265 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.051
Situations can be encountered in the human life, in which a person pretends to be on the fringe of the society. He/she feels his/her elimination from the society to variable extent. Thus, the social rehabilitation is simultaneously a possibility of the consideration of the approach to re-integration of an individual into the society.
Importance of social support in association with the client health conditionHealth and Social Sciences
Jana Levická
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):266-269 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.052
Changes in the health condition as consequences of diseases and particularly of injuries affect our lives ever more frequently. The enhanced abundance of people with specific needs (as consequences of changes in the health condition) in the course of the last two decades presents a question, what is necessary for these individuals to provide the desirable quality of their lives. One of possibilities of managing severe life situations is just the social support that is discussed in our contribution.
Victor Frankl, initiator of founding advisory centres for youthHealth and Social Sciences
Stanislava Ševčíková
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):270-272 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.053
The text presented here is aimed at the story of young years of V. E. Frankl and of his activity in founding advisory facilities for young people with great diversity of psychosocial problems (particularly unemployed people). The author considers this activity in association with his lifelong attempts "to rescue human lives and to re-humanize medicine and psychotherapy of those times.
Identification of support necessary for persons with mental involvements in period of early adulthoodHealth and Social Sciences
Jan Šesták
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):273-279 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.054
After completing the school education and professional training, young people with mental involvements enter the crucial period of their lives (adolescence, early adulthood), in the course of which they should be incorporated into the occupational and social environment under conditions of support from the system of social services and employment services. This is a principal assumption for their further worthy and quality life within the society. Tools (services) that can be helpful in this step should be realistically considered. This concerns the situation of special school leavers, the current legislation supporting employment of people with mental...
Experience of child and adolescent with selected socially pathological phenomena and their relationship to family environmentHealth and Social Sciences
Michaela Šimková, Lucie Kozlová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):280-285 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.055
In the actual society, the occurrence of socially pathological phenomena in children and youth is increasing constantly. The author group dealt with mapping of this relevant topic by using expert sources and implementing research of occurrence of socially pathological phenomena in pupils at elementary schools and more-year grammar schools. The following selected research results show the experience of child and adolescent with selected socio-pathological phenomena in connection with their relationship to family environment.
Psycho-social aspects of patients with multiple sclerosisHealth and Social Sciences
Hana Francová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):286-293 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.056
Multiple sclerosis is a very serious disease with continuously increasing occurrence. It can invalidize a lot of patients in young age already; however, the prognosis of this disease has been changing for the better significantly in recent years thanks to the treatment possibilities. The disease interferes in the whole life of the affected individuals. They have problems with finding and keeping job, the disease makes any fulfillment impossible to a lot of patients. Besides health problems, it becomes a serious proof of human relations.
Reconditioning weekend stays focused on zootherapyHealth and Social Sciences
Věra Kalinová, Lenka Motlová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):294-297 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.057
The report familiarizes with the results of the research implemented at weekend reconditioning stays focused on zootherapy, organized by the Faculty of Health and Social Care of the University of South Bohemia of České Budějovice in 2004. The research was focused on evaluation of canistherapy and hiporehabilitation applied on children during reconditioning weekends.The results of the research show that even a short period (one weekend) of intense contact with animals has positive contribution for children, particularly in psycho-social sphere. The children go emotionally through delightful experiences, develop positive relation to animals, learn...
Selected aspects of transportation services in country areas of the counties of Písek and TáborHealth and Social Sciences
Marie Drlíková, Zuzana Tupá
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):298-304 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.058
Transportation services belong to main assumptions of a harmonic development of the territory in the sense of the Czech Republic transportation policy that includes necessary support to the public transportation against the individual transportation and improvement of the quality of the public transportation of persons. The importance of the frequency of bus and rail connections is principally reflected into the bases of the social stability of country areas. However, the transportation services in country areas have long been subjected to criticism.The authors of the present communication employed the analysis of the currently existing situation...
Work and life satisfaction of social workers and perception of development of their profession competenciesHealth and Social Sciences
Zdeněk Mlčák, Karel Slíva
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):305-313 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.059
The report deals with empirical study of the relationships between work and life satisfaction and perception of the development of profession competencies in the group of social workers. The work satisfaction, as well as all components of life satisfaction in the group of social workers have globally average level, lower level can be stated only in the sphere of satisfaction with health, financial situation and own person. Social workers more satisfied in work differ from less satisfied social workers in general life satisfaction and in that they perceive higher level of all observed work competencies in themselves.
Biblical anthropology as source holistic approach to manHealth and Social Sciences
Ondřej Doskočil
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):314-317 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.060
Anthropological preconditions of holistic approach to man are based on Hebrew biblical tradition that has become, beside antiquity, one of the roots of Western culture through Christianity. Biblical anthropology, unlike dualistic tendencies of antic philosophy, perceived man as indivisible whole; it does not see him as a compound of physical and mental principle. When biblical texts speak about the body and its parts or about the soul, they mean the whole person at physical, psychical and social level. Modern conception of holism also stresses that the whole cannot be regarded as a complex of individual parts.
The past and the present of volunteerismHealth and Social Sciences
Renata Švestková
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):318-322 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.061
The author deals in her report with the history of volunteerism, with the possibilities of volunteerism and specific examples of volunteerism from practice. She also describes another possibility of volunteer work, i.e. the time bank.
Etika v neonatológii. Groningenský protokol - eutanázia ťažko chorých novorodencovHealth and Social Sciences
Helena Drobná
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):323-326 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.062
Reprodukční zdravíHealth and Social Sciences
Jiří Dunovský
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):327-329 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.063
Monitoring of impact of smoking in pregnant women to fetus development from ethnic and geographic point of viewBiomedicine
Andrej Pavúk
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):330-337 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.064
The aim of the study is to monitor the impact of smoking in pregnant women to the fetus, the delivery and the newborn from geographic (Eastern Slovakia and the city of Brno) and ethnic (majority population of women and women from Romany ethnic minority in Eastern Slovakia) point of view.In 2001-2002, a research was implemented in five district maternity hospitals (Bardejov, Prešov, Rožňava, Trebišov and Vranov nad Topľou) in Eastern Slovakia, focused on the topic of smoking in pregnant women. Low birth weight (lower than 2500 grams), premature delivery (delivery before 37th gravidity week) and non-physiological condition of the newborn served as...
Depression and antidepressantsBiomedicine
Bohumír Plucar, Iveta Vávrů
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):338-343 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.065
Depression is a disease affecting both the body and the state of mind and the thinking. It influences sleep and eating habits, the way of perception of oneself as well as perception of surrounding world. Depression is not a symptom of personal weakness or a condition we could get rid of by mere wish or will involvement. People suffering from depression cannot simply "pull themselves together" and relax. It is typical that depressive disturbances occur in different forms. Symptom complexes can remain during weeks, months or years, when they are not treated. On the other hand, adequate treatment can help the majority of the population suffering from...
DDT: Eventful history of a poisonBiomedicine
Kateřina Neumannová, Jiří Patočka
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):344-348 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.066
DDT is an organic chlorinated insecticide, formerly intensively used throughout the world in agriculture and in the control of insects transmitting malaria and typhus. In 1972, the use of DDT was prohibited in the USA and similarly also in some other countries. In many developing countries, DDT is ever being used in the control of mosquitoes transmitting malaria. DDT is considered as a persisting organic pollutant that shows its long-term presence in the environment and in animals that can be propagated to long distances. DDT is considered as probably carcinogenic substance by the World Health Organization. Due to its stability and ability to be accumulated...
Atropine and its position in contemporary medicineBiomedicine
Lenka Davidová, Ilona Maxnerová, Silvie Handschuhová, Jiří Patočka
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):349-352 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.067
Atropine, a natural alkaloid of the Atropa belladona and other plants of the family Solanaceae, is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Atropine serves as a medicine with diverse pharmacological effects. It reduces the secretion in bronchi and salivary glands, it restricts sweating and causes dilatation of pupils, it lowers the heart frequency and through blocking acetylcholine effects it is active as an antidote in poisoning with organophosphate insecticides and nervous toxins.
Hypoplasia of coronary arteries as cause of abrupt deathBiomedicine
Šimon Laciok, Jaroslav Horáček
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):353-355 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.068
The authors of the contribution deal with the topic of relatively few discussed and in literature often neglected inborn defects of coronary channel of the character of artery hypoplasia and their relation to abrupt, unexpected deaths in children and young adults. They base their work on own autoptic case of the death of a young 27 year old woman, on her preclinical and clinical anamnesis data. Further, they draw from available experience of foreign centers that had the possibility to deal with similar cases and draw attention to the trickiness of clinical displays and the pernicious character of these defects for their carriers.The exceptional...
Possibilities of electronic personal dosimetry in Nuclear Plant TemelínBiomedicine
Havránková Renata, Koc Josef, Tomášek Milan, Singer Jan, Navrátil Leoš, Havránek Jiří, Kučera Jaroslav
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):356-359 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.069
One of the possibilities of measuring personal doses of external radiation, used in the Nuclear Plant Temelín, is electronic dosimetry. Electronic personal dosimeters are compact devices for measuring of the doses and dose loads of ionizing radiation. Then, the outputs from these detectors are combined so as to offer information of personal dosis equivalents Hp(10) and Hp(0,07). The benefit of electronic personal dosimeters is the possibility of immediate detection of radiation load, the possibility of adjustment of dosis alarms and dosis loads and particularly the possibility of connection of the values of the received radiation dosis with the specific...
Kinetics of cesium-137 in wood ecosystemBiomedicine
Havránek Jiří, Havránková Renata
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):360-362 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.070
After the accident of the nuclear station of Tchernobyl in 1986, our territory was extensively contaminated with radioactive substances. Their deposition was determined by air streaming and particularly by precipitations supporting the wash of radionuclides from the atmosphere. From the point of view of long-term contamination, the most significant element is cesium-137. This element is absorbed both into human organism and into plants and trees. The contamination of wood with cesium-137 has been subject to interest of broad public recently. The researches carried out and the subsequent measuring of wood substance, bark and forest planting demonstrated...
Upíří slina a mozková mrtvicePopularizace vědy
Jiří Patočka, Bohumír Plucar
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):363-364 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.071
Proč onemocníme chřipkouPopularizace vědy
Veronika Horanová
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):365-366 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.072
"Bezpečí všem, bezpečně pro všechny" (projekt prevence kriminality, zásahů při mimořádných událostech a poskytování rychlé záchranné pomoci)Popularizace vědy
Milan Kučera sr., Milan Kučera jr., Roman Bláha
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):367-371 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.073
Příspěvek k biologickým, filozofickým a teologickým aspektům morálkyPopularizace vědy
Birgita Slováčková, Ladislav Slováček
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):372-376 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2005.074
Recenze na knihyReviews
Novotný J., Novotný J., Velemínský M., Dolista J., Hlavatý V., Amler E.
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):377-383
ZprávyNews
Hála J., Landowski M., Eisertová J., Mullerová H., Čapková M., Zimmelová P., Motlová L., Šimák M., Navrátil L., Smetana K.
Kontakt 2005, 7(3-4):384-398