Kontakt, 2007 (vol. 9), issue 2

Alternativní a postmoderníEditorial

Ivan Dylevský

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):217  

Revoluce hlav a srdcíEditorial

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):219  

Aspects of life style of Vietnamese and Chinese minoritiesNursing

Valérie Tóthová, Gabriela Sedláková, Miloš Velemínský sr., Lenka Šedová, Helena Bubníková

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):221-229 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.035  

The life style can be considered as a form of the manifestation of the life of individuals, groups and communities. This form is associated with particular conditions of cultural habits and traditions, work, social life, education, approach to free time activities, etc. Problems of food and nutritional habits and furthermore movement activity, resistance to the stress and use of tobacco products are most frequently considered as parts of the life style. These are factors directly associated with the life style and they exert effects on the origination of civilization diseases. This problem is of a great importance in terms of the prevention of these...

Trans-cultural nursing evaluation according to model by Gigerov and DavidhizarNursing

Gabriela Sedláková, Jaroslava Soukupová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):230-239 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.036  

Due to the globalization, we live in the world having ever "diminishing borders", which, apart from other things, also means life in the evermore multicultural society. The modern concept of the nursing care also reacts to this fact, where a nurse must be thoroughly ready for the solution of specific problems of different communities in the health and disease. The result should be the culturally appropriate care respecting cultural specific features and aimed at the well being of healthy as well as diseased persons.The word foreigner has the same stem as the word "foreign", but this does not mean that people coming from elsewhere should remain...

State of health and life of community nurses in HungaryNursing

Adrienn U. Siket

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):240-246 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.037  

Community (district) nurses play a very important role in basic health care. Their work and responsibility are not only to help the family doctors' work but also to protect and restore the good state of health of the inhabitants.The object of the research is to survey the community nurses' state of health, circumstances of life and occupational environment, furthermore to explain their nursing, preventive and health-improving mission because in the scope of the National Public Health Programme, district nurses can also do a lot in the interest of achieving the aims and realizing the tasks.The basic methods of the research are mail survey and...

Supporting of health in pregnant adolescentsNursing

Mária Kilíková, Adriana Nemčoková

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):247-253 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.038  

Pregnancy of adolescents presents a serious social, medical and nursing problem. In our practice, we very frequently encounter pregnant adolescents and thus, this problem is by no means unique. These clients mostly come from weaker social groups, with only basic school education and they are frequently not ready, they are feared and they have no sufficient information about the pregnancy. They have neither experience nor knowledge concerning the course of the gravidity and taking care of the child. Given the fact that a special approach to these pregnant women is necessary, we started to consider these problems in details. It is necessary to possess...

Profession of nurse, professionalism and elitism in nursing activity from the standpoint of sociologyNursing

Sylva Bártlová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):254-259 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.039  

In the article presented here, the profession of nurse and its development is considered. The main characters of the profession (existence of systematic theory, professional authority, system of professional associations, professional ethics) are delimited and it is concluded that the occupation of nurses comprises all the characters of a profession. A further part of the article is aimed at introducing the professionalism in nursing: onset of "new system of nursing" in the 1980's in most advanced western countries. The attempts aimed at the introduction of the professionalism are considered as natural and legitimate in advanced industrial countries....

Application to the attitude aimed at man (PCA) in the relationship nurse - patientNursing

Marcela Verešová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):260-263 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.040  

In the communication presented here, the application of basic principles of the attitude aimed at man (known as sufficient conditions of helping relationship) to nursing activity, particularly to the relationship between the nurse and patient, is explained. The founder of the PCA, Carl R. Rogers defined the following three central principles: congruence, unconditioned positive acceptance and empathic understanding, provided that there are two people in a psychological contact: in our concept, they are in the interaction nurse - patient/client. We show that it is possible to learn basic skills aimed at man (PCA skills), which are mastered and employed...

Problems of taking care of elderly and dying parentsNursing

Josef Dolista

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):264-269 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.041  

It is not usual to use the word "task" for one's natural death. However, the reflection of the theme of the death leads to the preparation for the death and philosophy employs the concept "death as a task" in the sense that the awareness of the end of life may help to improve the quality of the contemporary life condition and one is motivated to enjoyment of his/her life. The purpose of the text presented here is also understanding of the death as a task. An analytical approach to the text processing was used, based on available domestic and foreign literature, with supplementing the knowledge by synthesis and theses of the author. The death as a "task"...

Possible analogy between religious experience of applied Christianity and action of psychotherapyHealth and Social Sciences

Alena Kajanová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):270-276 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.042  

The article deals with a relationship between psychology and religion in terms of their action on the individual personality from the theoretical standpoint as well as from the standpoint of practical research focused on possible analogous features of the religion and psychotherapy. The theoretical part is aimed at historical associations between Christianity and psychology and/or psychotherapy and at psychological elements of religion. References to Jung teachings and Frankl logotherapy are primarily presented. In the practical part, the target of the described qualitative probe was mapping of the importance of the religious faith, description of...

Quality of life of hospitalized patients with infaust prognosisHealth and Social Sciences

Patricia Dobríková, Jana Olosová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):277-283 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.043  

The target and purpose of palliative medicine is to achieve as high quality of life of dying patients as possible. This means to do everything under conditions where it seems that it is impossible to do anything.The hospice care is focused on the enhancement of the life quality in incurable patients. Its purpose is the alleviation of the last part of the way of the incurable patient and to provide its quality as high as possible. It is implemented as close to the human being that his/her desires can be read off from his/her face. The dying patient has the best knowledge concerning his needs and thus, it is necessary to listen to what he/she needs...

Organization of specialized centres for helping students with special needs at universities in the Czech RepublicHealth and Social Sciences

Gabriela Burešová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):284-287 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.044  

One of steps to an improved integration of handicapped students at universities is so called specialized centre for helping students with special needs. In general, this type of the centre has a uniform target, which is providing the help for handicapped students in their study. The specialized centres for helping students with special needs as whole are operated by universities such as Charles University (UK) in Prague, Palacký University (UP) in Olomouc, Masaryk University (MU) in Brno and the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice (JU). In 2005, at the universities mentioned, questionnaire examination was implemented with a target to ascertain...

National network of healthy citiesHealth and Social Sciences

Markéta Kastnerová, Kvetoslava Kotrbová, Vladimír Vurm

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):288-295 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.045  

In 1988, the UNO - World Health Organisation (WHO) initiated an international project healthy city (WHO Healthy Cities Project) with inviting the most important European metropolises. Over fifteen years, 1300 healthy cities, villages and regions in 30 European countries joint the project. The concept of the project has been implemented in the Czech Republic after 1989. The healthy city, village, microregion or region is a prestigious name for a municipality, which was actively included into the international project the healthy city (village, region), under the patronage of the UNO-WHO. In 1994, eleven active cities established an association named...

Current trends in examination of undesirable events in the health service systemHealth and Social Sciences

Martin Rydlo

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):296-303 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.046  

The main target of examination of failures in providing the health care is prevention of repeating undesirable events. Two approaches are possible in the examination of failures: personal and systemic approaches, where each of them employs a different method and presents different starting points for the solution of the failure. Understanding of differences between the two approaches mentioned is of a considerable practical importance. The more frequently used personal approach puts emphasize on the failure itself and the systemic approach is focused on formation of protective barriers against all the risks in providing the health care. Most failures...

Aspects of healthy life style in future healthcare professionals: Application of theory of planned behaviourHealth and Social Sciences

Martin Horváth, Kateřina Ivanová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):304-313 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.047  

The work comprises results of the research of the life style in future healthcare professionals. It is particularly focused on their relationships to smoking, alcohol consumption and sport activities. The purpose of the work was to explain why a similar occurrence of negative health habits can be observed in this social group as in the common population. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen was employed as a principal theoretical starting point for the preparation of the research. The subjects of the examination, which was carried out with the help of questionnaires, were students of health studies of the Purkyně...

The health of college students within the context of experiencing quality of life. Preliminary reportHealth and Social Sciences

Mariana Račková

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):314-317 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.048  

One of the basal aspects determining the health of the individual is the behavioural and axiological attitude towards one's own health. The quality of life comprises not only the problem of health, but also the phenomenon of existentional meaningfullness.The meaning of life in its contents comprises a set of aims, values and beliefs, that give man a sense of value and purposefulness of his life. It is possible to allocate to the determinants that regulate the quality of life, satisfaction with one's life, sense of well being, also concepts such as: the meaning of life, hapiness, comfort, sense for integrity, democracy, justice, healthy life style,...

Unpredictable consequences of genderHealth and Social Sciences

Petr Saforek

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):318-324 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.049  

The problem of the gender is considered in the contribution through the optics of the Thomas theorem. It deals with certain real consequences of the use, which is understood as intentional social behaviour, of the concept gender in the Czech (scientific) environment. In the contribution, three areas of unpredictable consequences of gender within the scope of intentional social behaviour are delimited.1. In the field of the language. Czech reader, listener, student, etc. is suggested that the only correct understanding (translation) of the English word gender is a social oppositum to the biologically given sex and that only this meaning is ascribed...

Pro-social behaviour and altruism in emergencyHealth and Social Sciences

Helena Záškodná, Zdeněk Mlčák

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):325-330 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.050  

The contribution presents selected results of a number of researches of the pro-social behaviour and altruism in emergency situations. It deals in details with a procedural model by S. H. Schwarz and his co-workers, and it analyzes the most important steps of the model. They are as follows: a) realization of the emergency situation and its adequate definition, b) capability of helping (self-evaluation of the own competence in urgent situations), c) introduction of the pro-social motivation (action of internalized individual standards, moral duty of providing the help and personal responsibility), d) anticipation and consideration of positive and negative...

Aboriginal People - original nations in Canada (Introduction to problems of their social position)Health and Social Sciences

Eva Davidová, Magdaléna Vošalíková

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):331-342 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.051  

The problem of original nations in Canada is still an unsolved question, which is in addition insufficiently known in its roots and thus, it is not understood in many directions. The authors indicates the historical-social development of Canadian original inhabitants in association with an outline of the origination and development of the Canadian society, when immigrants of European origin came just to the territory of these original nations, which was stepwise colonized by them. They trie to introduce problems of the contemporary social position of these Aboriginals - i.e. Indians (First Nations) in Canada, also frequently referred to as First Peoples...

Autonomy, Independence and the Satisfaction of Needs of the Elderly PeopleHealth and Social Sciences

Lenka Motlová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):343-352 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.052  

The theoretical part describes concepts of the autonomy, heteronomy, dependence and independence in old age and relationships between each other. The author deals with the classification of needs, with their importance and satisfying needs of senior. The autonomy is defined by Pichaud and Thareau (1998) as a capability of conducting the live in accordance with one's own rules. Within this concept, the meaning of the world autonomy is close to the world freedom. To be autonomous in older age means to make free decisions about one's own style of life. The heteronomy is the concept opposite to the autonomy. If we speak about the heteronomy in old age,...

Factors affecting the adaptation of clients in the Home for senior Máj p.o.Health and Social Sciences

Petra Zimmelová, Dagmar Dvořáčková

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):353-357 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.053  

Old people's homes are one of forms of taking the institutional care of seniors. Coming of a client into a residential facility means a decision for life and big change for each senior. In the case of unsuccessful adaptation to the old age or to the new environment, intentional isolation and apathy can be encountered with losing interest in and meaning of the life of a senior.For gaining data necessary in the determination of the target, a method of data accumulation was employed - based on questionnaires. The standard approach comprised a standardized dialogue with a closed type of questions. Thirty subjects were contacted. One of them was not...

Deficient children in the familyHealth and Social Sciences

László Horváth

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):358-362 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.054  

The birth of a deficient child gives special tasks to the family and the environment. I examine the supporting work of health care and social providing systems. I make statements about the methods of assistance provided within the family or in residental institutions. My aim is to describe the best possible ways of connecting these services.My method includes literary analysis and collecting data about family relationships on voluntary basis.The article contains the most up-to-date principles, procedures and the best possible ways of connecting them to each other. I give a picture of the most important declarations of the Agreement of the United...

Importance and targets of patient organizationsHealth and Social Sciences

Hana Konečná

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):363-365 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.055  

In the last century, together with the democratization of the society, man as an individual appeared in the focus of interest. Different documents are being formulated declaring his/her rights and duties. These changes are reflected in all the areas of the human life including the situation of being ill - the field of medicine. The target of the work is to indicate the social and political context of the change mentioned. Input data are documents concerning remarkable patient organizations, particularly declarations of targets. These data were quantitatively analyzed and supplemented by personal experience of the author of the contribution, who is...

Situation of families in ZambiaHealth and Social Sciences

Veronika Šimečková, Radka Rejhová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):366-372 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.056  

The contribution presented here describes the situation of families in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Zambia. Zambia is one of most problematic countries, which faces many social as well as health problems. The contribution brings experience from the life of its inhabitants - structure of families, role of the mother, father and grandparents.The work defines the term street kids in accordance with the special literature to improve the comprehensibility for the reader. The problem of street kids in Zambia occupies the first position in the field of interest of humanitarian institutions and their help. The contribution defines and presents demographic...

Knowledge concerning regeneration. I. New view of old problemBiomedicine

Ján Jakubovský, Jozef Novotný, Peter Michalka, Štefan Durdík

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):373-377 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.057  

An outline is presented of recent opinions concerning possibilities of the regeneration of cells, organs and tissues by morphological methods. Historical dogmas, which are, however, still valid in medical practice, as well as new approaches to this problem, are recapitulated. The model for studying stem cells are the cells obtained from cell lines participating in the haemopoiesis. The knowledge in this field is advanced to such and extent that their use in the treatment became a standard of medical haematology. This was achieved mainly due to the fact that the blood stem cells can be relatively easily found without the use of embryos. Their differentiating...

Haemopoietic stem cells in radiobiological experimentBiomedicine

Pavel Kuna

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):378-386 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.058  

Haemopoietic stem cells serve quantitative evaluation of post-irradiation damage in mammals since 1961, when the method of spleen endogenous and exogenous colonies was described by Till and McCulloch in mice.Vacek et al. (1975) made possible extension of this method for experiment on young rats (of 4 to 5 weeks of age). The rat-donors, as well as rat-acceptors were of this young age. The stem cells in the body of rat-donors were tested after exposure to a dose of 3.5 Gy and after effects of radioprotectors, which were administered before the exposure of the rats to gamma-radiation. By whole body irradiation of rat-acceptors with a dose of 5-5.5...

Recent knowledge in the theory of trigger pointsBiomedicine

Petr Šifta

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):387-390 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.059  

The theory of trigger points is commonly used in rehabilitation medicine. We can meet it in books by prof. Lewit (1) or Janda, but its aetiology has not yet been described and it was not explained, what is the structure of a trigger point in terms of histology and anatomy. Sites of trigger points are furthermore described, but there is no information why they were formed and mainly in what way. Thus, lack of data in this field suggested me to perform a deeper study and literature search work to find answers to the following questions, which are simultaneously the main target of the present article:1. Do trigger points exist or do they represent...

Scientific basis of acupunctureBiomedicine

Yury P. Limansky, Serge A. Gulyar, Ivan Z. Samosyuk

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):391-402 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.060  

1. Existing theories of acupuncture are based on particular experimental data and do not completely cover the principle of the problem: function of acupuncture points, principle of meridians, and biological purpose of physiological reactions induced by the stimulation of acupuncture points.2. We propose an assessment of the functional role of acupuncture in terms of the proposed hypothesis of the "ecoceptive system" controlling the electromagnetic homeostasis of the organism. The functionally unified acupuncture points fulfil the task of electromagnetic receptors.3. The afferent part of the ecoceptive system is formed by a uniform system of...

Epothilones - new anti-cancer medicinesBiomedicine

Jiří Patočka, Zdeněk Hon

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):403-406 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.061  

Epothilones are a new group of cytotoxic molecules, originally identified as metabolites produced by the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. Clinical success of paclitaxel and docetaxel stimulated the research of further substances with the same mechanism of effects and resulted in discovering three new types of natural substances of non-taxane type: Epothilones A and B from a soil bacterium, discodermolide from a sponge and eleutherobines and sarcodictyines from corals. All the three groups of substances stabilize microtubules and competitively inhibit the bond of paclitaxel to polymers of tubulin, which suggests that their binding sites are the same....

Quality of organic foodsBiomedicine

Markéta Kastnerová, Kvetoslava Kotrbová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):407-415 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.062  

Organic foods, products of ecological agriculture (organic farming) offer values and qualities, which have not yet been sufficiently explained to the consumers. Word marks "bio" and "eco", similarly as the use of adjectives "biological" and "ecological" in association with foods is protected by legislation in a decision of the EU Council (Decision of the European Economic Community No. 2092/91). In accordance with the decision of the EU Council, each ecologically manufactured product should be marked with a stamp including a code of the control organization. In the Czech Republic, the use of the Czech national mark bio became usual: "Bio-product: Product...

Down syndromeBiomedicine

Lenka Duchoslavová

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):416-421 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.063  

Down syndrome is a genetic anomaly exerting lifelong consequences. In 1866, an English physician John Langdon Down noticed that some of his mentally retarded patients share some similar characters and he described and summarized them into a new unit, which was later named after him Down syndrome. In 1959, a French genetic Lejeune discovered the fact that persons with Down syndrome have chromosome No. 21 in addition to the normal arrangement. Given the fact that in persons with Down syndrome there are three chromosomes instead of two ones, we speak about trisomia 21. Down syndrome is encountered in one of 130,000 deliveries. Children with Down syndrome...

The physiotherapeutic method by MojžíšováBiomedicine

Hana Konečná

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):422-424 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.064  

Infertility becomes an ever more important health and psychosocial problem not only in the dying out European population. Evermore effective methods are being searched for, which should help solve the problem. The Czech Republic has an original physiotherapeutic method, the effect of which was demonstrated: the method by Mojžíšová. The method is relatively old but it is still seldom used in the Czech Republic. Foreigners interested in the treatment are encountered, but the method is not available in their countries. The target of the present work was to describe the method and possibilities of its use. The input data were results of studies investigating...

Proč rakovinná buňka nestárne?Popularizace vědy

Jiří Patočka, Zdeněk Hon

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):425-426 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.065  

Biometrie jako základ současné i budoucí identifikace a autentizaceVaria

Pavel Pavlík

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):427-430 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.066  

Odborné požadavky na orgány obcí a členy jednotek sborů dobrovolných hasičů obcí v oblasti řešení mimořádných událostí a krizových situacíVaria

Aleš Kudlák, Jan Horák

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):431-434 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.067  

Učebna pro výuku krizového managementu na Zdravotně sociální fakultěVaria

Renata Havránková, Miroslav Hromada, Leoš Navrátil

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):435-436 | DOI: 10.32725/kont.2007.068  

Recenze na knihyReviews

Kamil Kalina, Libuša Radková, Jan Vitoň

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):437-440  

ZprávyNews

Škopek J., Hofer M., Tušková M., Záleská V., Konečná H., Macháčková J., Dvořáková J., Macháčková J., Záleská V., Navrátil L., Šímák M., Kozlová L., Štochlová P.

Kontakt 2007, 9(2):441-458